TESTBANK a
ACONCISEINTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
a a a a a a
Patrick J. Hurley
a a
,Chapter 1 Test A a a a
MULTIPLE CHOICE a
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and a a a a a a a a a a
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
a a a a a a a a
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working more
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. a a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. a a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. a a a a a a a a a
ANS: D a PTS: 2 a a
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. a a a a
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. a a a a a a a a
ANS: C a PTS: 2 a a
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. a a a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. a a a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices a a a a a a a a a a
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E a PTS: 2 a a
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
a a a a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. a a a a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. a a a a a a a a a a
1
, c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. a a a a a a a a a
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A a PTS: 2 a a
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested, over-
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
women.
a
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." a a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. a a a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. a a a a a a a a a a
ANS: B a PTS: 2 a a
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
pay-per-click ads.
a a
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. a a a a a a a a a
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. a a a a a a a a a a
ANS: E a PTS: 2 a a
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. a a a a a a a a
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. a a a a a a a a
ANS: C a PTS: 2 a a
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. a a a a a a a a a a
2
, ANS: A a PTS: 2 a a
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
processing.
a
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. a a a a a a a a
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D a PTS: 2 a a
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a container on a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. a a a a a a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. a a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. a a a a a a a a
ANS: B a PTS: 2 a a
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. a a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. a a a a a a a a a
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. a a a a a a a a
ANS: D a PTS: 2 a a
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
have been exonerated?
a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. a a a a a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. a a a a a a a a a a a a
3
ACONCISEINTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
a a a a a a
Patrick J. Hurley
a a
,Chapter 1 Test A a a a
MULTIPLE CHOICE a
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and a a a a a a a a a a
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
a a a a a a a a
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working more
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. a a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. a a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. a a a a a a a a a
ANS: D a PTS: 2 a a
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. a a a a
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. a a a a a a a a
ANS: C a PTS: 2 a a
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. a a a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. a a a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices a a a a a a a a a a
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E a PTS: 2 a a
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
a a a a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. a a a a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. a a a a a a a a a a
1
, c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. a a a a a a a a a
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A a PTS: 2 a a
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested, over-
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
women.
a
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." a a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. a a a a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. a a a a a a a a a a
ANS: B a PTS: 2 a a
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
pay-per-click ads.
a a
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. a a a a a a a a a
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. a a a a a a a a a a
ANS: E a PTS: 2 a a
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. a a a a a a a a
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. a a a a a a a a
ANS: C a PTS: 2 a a
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. a a a a a a a a a a
2
, ANS: A a PTS: 2 a a
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
a a a a a a a a a a a a a
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel, learn,
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
processing.
a
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. a a a a a a a a
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D a PTS: 2 a a
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms only
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a container on a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations a a a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. a a a a a a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. a a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. a a a a a a a a
ANS: B a PTS: 2 a a
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
a a a a a a a a a a a a
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" a a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. a a a a a a a a a a
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. a a a a a a a a a
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. a a a a a a a a a
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. a a a a a a a a
ANS: D a PTS: 2 a a
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
have been exonerated?
a a a
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. a a a a a a a a a a a
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. a a a a a a a
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. a a a a a a a a a
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. a a a a a a a a a a a a
3
