,
,GRAY’S
CLINICAL
PHOTOGRAPHIC
DISSECTOR OF THE
HUMAN BODY
Third South Asia Edition
Marios Loukas, md, phd
Dean School of Medicine,
Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences
Professor Department of Pathology,
St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
Dean, College of Medical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, Olsztyn, Poland
R. Shane Tubbs, phd, msc, pa-c
Professor
Director of Surgical Anatomy, Tulane University School of Medicine
Program Director of Anatomical Research, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center
Department of Neurosurgery,
Department of Neurology,
Tulane University School of Medicine
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology,
Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine;
Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute,
Ochsner Health System
New Orleans, Louisiana
University of Queensland
Brisbane, Australia
Department of Anatomical Sciences
St. George’s University
Grenada, West Indies
Adaptation Editors
Raveendranath Veeramani, MBBS, MD
Additional Professor of Anatomy
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)
Puducherry, India
Nachiket Shankar, MBBS, MS (Anatomy), PGDHPE,M.Sc. (HPE)
Professor of Anatomy and Medical Education, St. John’s Medical College
Bengaluru, India
, RELX India Pvt. Ltd.
Registered Office: 818, Indraprakash Building, 8th Floor, 21, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110001
Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India
Gray’s Clinical Photographic Dissector of the Human Body, Third Edition, by Marios Loukas, R.Shane Tubbs
Copyright © 2025 by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and
similar technologies.
Publisher’s Note: Elsevier, takes a neutral position with respect to territorial disputes or jurisdictional claims in its
published content, including in maps and institutional affiliations.
Previous editions copyrighted 2013 and 2019.
ISBN: 978-0-443-10709-2
This adaptation of Gray’s Clinical Photographic Dissector of the Human Body, Third Edition, by Marios Loukas,
R. Shane Tubbs was undertaken by RELX India Private Limited and is published by arrangement with Elsevier Inc.
Gray’s Clinical Photographic Dissector of the Human Body, Third South Asia Edition
Adaptation Editors: Raveendranath Veeramani and Nachiket Shankar
Copyright © 2025 by RELX India Private Limited. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining,
AI training, and similar technologies.
Previous editions copyrighted
Adaptation ISBN: 978-81-312-6982-4
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions
policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing
Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as
may be noted herein).
Notice
The adaptation has been undertaken by RELX India Pvt. Ltd. at its sole responsibility. Practitioners and researchers
must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods,
compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular,
independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no
responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors in relation to the adaptation or for any injury
and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this
publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims
made of it by its manufacturer.
This publication is licensed for sale in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka only.
Circulation of this version outside these territories is unauthorized and illegal.
Sr Content Strategist: Chandan Kumar
Content Project Manager: Ayan Dhar
Sr Production Executive: Dhan Singh
Cover Designer: Raman Kumar
Printed in India
,GRAY’S
CLINICAL
PHOTOGRAPHIC
DISSECTOR OF THE
HUMAN BODY
Third South Asia Edition
Marios Loukas, md, phd
Dean School of Medicine,
Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences
Professor Department of Pathology,
St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
Dean, College of Medical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, Olsztyn, Poland
R. Shane Tubbs, phd, msc, pa-c
Professor
Director of Surgical Anatomy, Tulane University School of Medicine
Program Director of Anatomical Research, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center
Department of Neurosurgery,
Department of Neurology,
Tulane University School of Medicine
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology,
Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine;
Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute,
Ochsner Health System
New Orleans, Louisiana
University of Queensland
Brisbane, Australia
Department of Anatomical Sciences
St. George’s University
Grenada, West Indies
Adaptation Editors
Raveendranath Veeramani, MBBS, MD
Additional Professor of Anatomy
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)
Puducherry, India
Nachiket Shankar, MBBS, MS (Anatomy), PGDHPE,M.Sc. (HPE)
Professor of Anatomy and Medical Education, St. John’s Medical College
Bengaluru, India
, RELX India Pvt. Ltd.
Registered Office: 818, Indraprakash Building, 8th Floor, 21, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi-110001
Corporate Office: 14th Floor, Building No. 10B, DLF Cyber City, Phase II, Gurgaon-122 002, Haryana, India
Gray’s Clinical Photographic Dissector of the Human Body, Third Edition, by Marios Loukas, R.Shane Tubbs
Copyright © 2025 by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and
similar technologies.
Publisher’s Note: Elsevier, takes a neutral position with respect to territorial disputes or jurisdictional claims in its
published content, including in maps and institutional affiliations.
Previous editions copyrighted 2013 and 2019.
ISBN: 978-0-443-10709-2
This adaptation of Gray’s Clinical Photographic Dissector of the Human Body, Third Edition, by Marios Loukas,
R. Shane Tubbs was undertaken by RELX India Private Limited and is published by arrangement with Elsevier Inc.
Gray’s Clinical Photographic Dissector of the Human Body, Third South Asia Edition
Adaptation Editors: Raveendranath Veeramani and Nachiket Shankar
Copyright © 2025 by RELX India Private Limited. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining,
AI training, and similar technologies.
Previous editions copyrighted
Adaptation ISBN: 978-81-312-6982-4
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions
policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing
Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as
may be noted herein).
Notice
The adaptation has been undertaken by RELX India Pvt. Ltd. at its sole responsibility. Practitioners and researchers
must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods,
compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular,
independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no
responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors in relation to the adaptation or for any injury
and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, inclusion in this
publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or value of such product or of the claims
made of it by its manufacturer.
This publication is licensed for sale in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka only.
Circulation of this version outside these territories is unauthorized and illegal.
Sr Content Strategist: Chandan Kumar
Content Project Manager: Ayan Dhar
Sr Production Executive: Dhan Singh
Cover Designer: Raman Kumar
Printed in India
