MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
If patient has a family history of cancer? what type of prevention should they focus on -
ANS Primary prevention & Genetic testing, baseline test, baseline screenings
Primary prevention - ANS Reduce risk for cancer development
Secondary Prevention - ANS Early Detection; Participation in screening activities
Warning signs of caner
Tertiary prevention - ANS Prevention of recurrence through chemo-preventive agents
What does prevention include - ANS -Maintain a healthy lifestyle
-Reduce exposure to cancer causing substances
-Adhere to medication regimen
-Routine screenings
-Vaccinations
Primary Prevention includes - ANS -Vaccines (Hep B virus, Liver Caner)
Environmental factors 2/3 cancer cause
-Tabacco Behavior
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,-Sunscreen
-ETOH
-Diet
-Exercise
-Safe sexual practice
Secondary Preventions - ANS Routine screenings
C-Change bladder/bowel habits
A- sore that does not heal
U- Unusual bleeding or discharge, any body orifice
T-Thickening or presence of lump
I-Ingestion or difficulty swallowing
O-Obvious change in wart or mole (Color, size, texture)
N-Nagging cough or hoarseness that is prolonged
Tertiary Prevention - ANS -Tamoxifen
-Aspirin & NSAIDS R/T decreasing risk of colon cancer
-Teach importance of tertiary to avoid future disease.
Normal Sodium Levels - ANS 136 to 145 mmol/L
Hyponatremia causes - ANS -NPO
-Excessive diaphoresis
-wound drainage
-Low salt diet
-Hyperglycemia
-Kidney failure
-Heart failure
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -SIADH
Hypernatremia causes - ANS -Hyperaldosteronism
-Kidney failure
-Corticosteroids
-Cushing's Syndrome
-NPO
-Fever
-Watery Diarrhea
-Dehydration
-Excessive diaphoresis
-Excessive administration of IV fluids containing sodium
Potassium Normal Levels - ANS 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Potassium - ANS -Some control over intracellular osmolarity and volume
-Regulate protein synthesis, glucose use, and storage
-*NEVER* IV push (lethal)
-Always given via administration of IV infusion pump
Sodium - ANS where sodium goes, water follows
Hospice Care - ANS End of life care for incurable patients. No treatment, Provides supportive
care,
Signs of Imminent death - ANS -Decrease HR
-Decrease BP
-Sleepy
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026
If patient has a family history of cancer? what type of prevention should they focus on -
ANS Primary prevention & Genetic testing, baseline test, baseline screenings
Primary prevention - ANS Reduce risk for cancer development
Secondary Prevention - ANS Early Detection; Participation in screening activities
Warning signs of caner
Tertiary prevention - ANS Prevention of recurrence through chemo-preventive agents
What does prevention include - ANS -Maintain a healthy lifestyle
-Reduce exposure to cancer causing substances
-Adhere to medication regimen
-Routine screenings
-Vaccinations
Primary Prevention includes - ANS -Vaccines (Hep B virus, Liver Caner)
Environmental factors 2/3 cancer cause
-Tabacco Behavior
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,-Sunscreen
-ETOH
-Diet
-Exercise
-Safe sexual practice
Secondary Preventions - ANS Routine screenings
C-Change bladder/bowel habits
A- sore that does not heal
U- Unusual bleeding or discharge, any body orifice
T-Thickening or presence of lump
I-Ingestion or difficulty swallowing
O-Obvious change in wart or mole (Color, size, texture)
N-Nagging cough or hoarseness that is prolonged
Tertiary Prevention - ANS -Tamoxifen
-Aspirin & NSAIDS R/T decreasing risk of colon cancer
-Teach importance of tertiary to avoid future disease.
Normal Sodium Levels - ANS 136 to 145 mmol/L
Hyponatremia causes - ANS -NPO
-Excessive diaphoresis
-wound drainage
-Low salt diet
-Hyperglycemia
-Kidney failure
-Heart failure
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -SIADH
Hypernatremia causes - ANS -Hyperaldosteronism
-Kidney failure
-Corticosteroids
-Cushing's Syndrome
-NPO
-Fever
-Watery Diarrhea
-Dehydration
-Excessive diaphoresis
-Excessive administration of IV fluids containing sodium
Potassium Normal Levels - ANS 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Potassium - ANS -Some control over intracellular osmolarity and volume
-Regulate protein synthesis, glucose use, and storage
-*NEVER* IV push (lethal)
-Always given via administration of IV infusion pump
Sodium - ANS where sodium goes, water follows
Hospice Care - ANS End of life care for incurable patients. No treatment, Provides supportive
care,
Signs of Imminent death - ANS -Decrease HR
-Decrease BP
-Sleepy
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
