PHARMACOLOGY AND NURSING:
KEY CONCEPTS AND SAFETY
PROTOCOLS EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025-2026
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS-What the body does to the drug.
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS-What the drug does to the body.
Six Rights of Medication Administration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Right patient, right
drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation.
First-pass effect - CORRECT ANSWERS-Oral drugs metabolized by liver before
reaching systemic circulation, reducing effect.
Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWERS-The extent and rate at which the active
ingredient or active moiety is absorbed and becomes available at the site of action.
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of drug from site of administration to
bloodstream.
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drug transport through bloodstream to tissues.
Protein binding - CORRECT ANSWERS-Albumin binds drug, making it inactive until
released.
, Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-The process of changing a drug into active or
inactive form, mainly occurring in the liver.
Prodrug - CORRECT ANSWERS-A drug that is inactive until metabolized.
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Removal of drug/metabolites from the body.
Therapeutic index (TI) - CORRECT ANSWERS-The ratio between the toxic and
therapeutic doses of a drug.
Dose-response relationship - CORRECT ANSWERS-The correlation between the dose
of a drug and the magnitude of its effect.
Half-life - CORRECT ANSWERS-The time for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the
body.
Steady state - CORRECT ANSWERS-When drug intake equals drug elimination.
Peak level - CORRECT ANSWERS-The highest drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Trough level - CORRECT ANSWERS-The lowest drug concentration before the next
dose.
Selectivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-The ability of a drug to act on specific receptors.
Agonists - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drugs that activate or enhance receptor action.
Antagonists - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drugs that block receptor action.
Generic drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lowercase, cheaper drugs with the same active
ingredient as brand-name drugs.
Brand-name drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mixed case, more expensive drugs that
may have the same active ingredient as generics.
CAM (Complementary & Alternative Medicine) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Herbs/supplements that may interact with prescriptions and are not FDA regulated.
Medication errors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cause approximately $42 billion in harm
annually.
Safety - CORRECT ANSWERS-Six Rights, therapeutic index, monitoring
ANA Code of Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS-8 provisions including respect for human
dignity, safe care, education, addressing disparities
KEY CONCEPTS AND SAFETY
PROTOCOLS EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025-2026
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS-What the body does to the drug.
Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS-What the drug does to the body.
Six Rights of Medication Administration - CORRECT ANSWERS-Right patient, right
drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation.
First-pass effect - CORRECT ANSWERS-Oral drugs metabolized by liver before
reaching systemic circulation, reducing effect.
Bioavailability - CORRECT ANSWERS-The extent and rate at which the active
ingredient or active moiety is absorbed and becomes available at the site of action.
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS-Movement of drug from site of administration to
bloodstream.
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drug transport through bloodstream to tissues.
Protein binding - CORRECT ANSWERS-Albumin binds drug, making it inactive until
released.
, Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS-The process of changing a drug into active or
inactive form, mainly occurring in the liver.
Prodrug - CORRECT ANSWERS-A drug that is inactive until metabolized.
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Removal of drug/metabolites from the body.
Therapeutic index (TI) - CORRECT ANSWERS-The ratio between the toxic and
therapeutic doses of a drug.
Dose-response relationship - CORRECT ANSWERS-The correlation between the dose
of a drug and the magnitude of its effect.
Half-life - CORRECT ANSWERS-The time for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the
body.
Steady state - CORRECT ANSWERS-When drug intake equals drug elimination.
Peak level - CORRECT ANSWERS-The highest drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Trough level - CORRECT ANSWERS-The lowest drug concentration before the next
dose.
Selectivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-The ability of a drug to act on specific receptors.
Agonists - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drugs that activate or enhance receptor action.
Antagonists - CORRECT ANSWERS-Drugs that block receptor action.
Generic drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lowercase, cheaper drugs with the same active
ingredient as brand-name drugs.
Brand-name drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mixed case, more expensive drugs that
may have the same active ingredient as generics.
CAM (Complementary & Alternative Medicine) - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Herbs/supplements that may interact with prescriptions and are not FDA regulated.
Medication errors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cause approximately $42 billion in harm
annually.
Safety - CORRECT ANSWERS-Six Rights, therapeutic index, monitoring
ANA Code of Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS-8 provisions including respect for human
dignity, safe care, education, addressing disparities
