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1. Nightingale proposed nursing as:
A. An extension of the environment.
B. An art and a science.
C. Empirical science.
D. Physician's handmaiden. ✔Correct Answer-ANS: B
2. Nightingale defined a nurse as any woman who had "charge of the personal health of somebody"
whether well, as in caring for babies and children, or sick, as an "invalid" (Nightingale, 1860/1969). It
was assumed that:
A. All women, at one time or another in their lives, would nurse.
B. All women needed to know the laws of health.
C. Nursing proper, or "sick" nursing, was both an art and a science and required organized, formal
education to care for those suffering from disease.
D. All of the above ✔Correct Answer-ANS: D
3. The goal of nursing as described by Nightingale is to:
A. Work collaboratively with the physician to implement the medical orders.
B. Take care of the patient's environment by cooking, cleaning, and scrubbing the floors.
C. Assist the patient in his or her retention of "vital powers" by meeting his or her needs, thus putting
the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon.
D. Give the patient medicine when the medicine is due. ✔Correct Answer-ANS: C
4. Nightingale isolated five environmental components essential to an individual's health. Select the
correct grouping from the following:
A. Calming colors, quiet, comfortable temperature, clean air, pure water
B. Clean air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, light
C. Light, color, sound, smell, temperature
D. Pure food, clean water, cleanliness, quiet, calming color ✔Correct Answer-ANS: B
5. In Nightingale's mind, the specific "scientific" activity of nursing that was the central element in
health care, without which medicine and surgery would be ineffective, is which of the following:
A. Preparing nutritious meals
B. Maintaining an aesthetic environment
C. Maintaining hygiene
D. Sustaining a quiet environment ✔Correct Answer-ANS: C
6. In the mid-19th century, there were two competing theories regarding the nature and origin of
disease. These competing thoeries were:
A. Localization and specificity.
B. Contagionism and quarantine.
C. Vectorism and pollution.
D. Atmosphere and environment. ✔Correct Answer-ANS: B
7. According to Nightingale, a nurse is defined as:
A. The handmaiden of the physician.
B. A member of the moral majority.