Mammography recommendations - ANSWER Mammography: For masses. If results
are different from clinical exam, trust your exam findings. May have a false negative- not
infallible. Continue work up process even with negative mammogram.
Screening mammography: USPSTF: begin every 2 year screening at 50, d/c at age 75. May
start in 40s dep. On risk factors. Others say at 40 and every year.
BIRADS: standardized system of reporting. Quality assurance.
frequency of clinical breast exam - ANSWER For women who are at average risk of
breast cancer and who do not have symptoms, the following are suggested:
Clinical breast exam every 1-3 years for women aged 25-39 years
Clinical breast exam every year for women aged 40 years and older
blood typing - ANSWER The blood of one person is different from another's due to the
presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. The major method of typing blood
is the ABO system and includes types A, B, O, and AB. The other major method of typing
blood is the Rh factor, consisting of the two types, Rh+ and Rh-.
Cytomegalovirus - ANSWER A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body
fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious
illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to
unborn child.
Testing for cytomegalovirus - ANSWER
1
, Estrogen fraction - ANSWER Estradiol (E2) is the most potent estrogen produced in the
ovary. FSH & LH stimulate ovary to produce E2, peaks during ovulatory phase of menstrual
cycle. Used to eval menstrual and fertility problems, menopausal status, sexual maturity,
gynecomastic, feminization syndromes or as a tumor marker of pts w/ ovarian tumors.
Estrone (E1) is secreted by the ovary but mostly converted from androstendione in
peripheral tissues, it is the major circulating estrogen after menopause. Estriol (E3) is major
estrogen in pregnant female. Urine & blood studies for E3 provide objective means of
assessing placental function and fetal normality in high risk pregnancies.
luteinizing hormone (LH) - ANSWER made in pituitary gland and triggers release of egg
from ovary (ovulation). spikes just before ovulation.
An LH test works closely with another hormone called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to
control sexual function
FSH - ANSWER A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets
the gonads.
In females, FSH stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles (oogenesis) and secrete estrogen;
in males, FSH stimulates spermatogenesis.
controls the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries. FSH levels in
women change throughout the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels happening just
before an egg is released by the ovary. This is known as ovulation.
Maternal testing - ANSWER AFP:16-18 weeks
glucose screening: 24-28 weeks
Group B strep (GBS): 35-36 weeks
Newborn metabolic screening - ANSWER - heelprick
-PKU
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Galactosemia
2
are different from clinical exam, trust your exam findings. May have a false negative- not
infallible. Continue work up process even with negative mammogram.
Screening mammography: USPSTF: begin every 2 year screening at 50, d/c at age 75. May
start in 40s dep. On risk factors. Others say at 40 and every year.
BIRADS: standardized system of reporting. Quality assurance.
frequency of clinical breast exam - ANSWER For women who are at average risk of
breast cancer and who do not have symptoms, the following are suggested:
Clinical breast exam every 1-3 years for women aged 25-39 years
Clinical breast exam every year for women aged 40 years and older
blood typing - ANSWER The blood of one person is different from another's due to the
presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. The major method of typing blood
is the ABO system and includes types A, B, O, and AB. The other major method of typing
blood is the Rh factor, consisting of the two types, Rh+ and Rh-.
Cytomegalovirus - ANSWER A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body
fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious
illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to
unborn child.
Testing for cytomegalovirus - ANSWER
1
, Estrogen fraction - ANSWER Estradiol (E2) is the most potent estrogen produced in the
ovary. FSH & LH stimulate ovary to produce E2, peaks during ovulatory phase of menstrual
cycle. Used to eval menstrual and fertility problems, menopausal status, sexual maturity,
gynecomastic, feminization syndromes or as a tumor marker of pts w/ ovarian tumors.
Estrone (E1) is secreted by the ovary but mostly converted from androstendione in
peripheral tissues, it is the major circulating estrogen after menopause. Estriol (E3) is major
estrogen in pregnant female. Urine & blood studies for E3 provide objective means of
assessing placental function and fetal normality in high risk pregnancies.
luteinizing hormone (LH) - ANSWER made in pituitary gland and triggers release of egg
from ovary (ovulation). spikes just before ovulation.
An LH test works closely with another hormone called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to
control sexual function
FSH - ANSWER A tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets
the gonads.
In females, FSH stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles (oogenesis) and secrete estrogen;
in males, FSH stimulates spermatogenesis.
controls the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries. FSH levels in
women change throughout the menstrual cycle, with the highest levels happening just
before an egg is released by the ovary. This is known as ovulation.
Maternal testing - ANSWER AFP:16-18 weeks
glucose screening: 24-28 weeks
Group B strep (GBS): 35-36 weeks
Newborn metabolic screening - ANSWER - heelprick
-PKU
- Maple Syrup Urine Disease
- Galactosemia
2
