MICROBIOLOGY UNIT 2 MATERIAL
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST
2024-2025 // ALREADY GRADED A+
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-No nucleus, no
membrane-bound organelles, smaller (1-10 µm), circular DNA in
nucleoid, 70S ribosomes.
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-Nucleus, membrane-bound
organelles, larger (10-100 µm), linear DNA in nucleus, 80S
ribosomes.
Cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Phospholipid bilayer
without sterols; controls transport and houses enzymes.
,Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-Gel-like matrix with water,
enzymes, nutrients, and ions.
Ribosomes (70S) - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein synthesis;
target for antibiotics.
Chromosome (nucleoid) - CORRECT ANSWER-Single circular
DNA; no histones.
Glycocalyx - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes slime layer and
capsule.
Slime layer - CORRECT ANSWER-Loose, protects against
dehydration.
Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER-Dense, sticky, enhances
pathogenicity.
Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER-Made of peptidoglycan; gives
shape and prevents lysis.
,Mycoplasma - CORRECT ANSWER-bacteria that lack cell
wall (makes it more resistant to antibiotics)
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-Helical protein ribbons;
maintains shape and may be antibiotic target.
Flagella - CORRECT ANSWER-Motility structures.
Pili - CORRECT ANSWER-Used in conjugation (DNA
transfer).
Fimbriae - CORRECT ANSWER-Adhesion to surfaces and
host tissues.
Plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER-Extra DNA; often carry
resistance or virulence genes.
Endospores - CORRECT ANSWER-Dormant survival
structures.
, Outer membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Gram-
negative bacteria; contains LPS.
Nanotubes - CORRECT ANSWER-Transfer nutrients or
electrons between cells.
Coccus - CORRECT ANSWER-Spherical (e.g., Staphylococcus
aureus).
Bacillus - CORRECT ANSWER-Rod-shaped (e.g., Legionella
pneumophila).
Vibrio - CORRECT ANSWER-Comma-shaped (e.g., Vibrio
vulnificus).
Spirillum - CORRECT ANSWER-Rigid spiral (e.g.,
Campylobacter jejuni).
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 300
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST
2024-2025 // ALREADY GRADED A+
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-No nucleus, no
membrane-bound organelles, smaller (1-10 µm), circular DNA in
nucleoid, 70S ribosomes.
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-Nucleus, membrane-bound
organelles, larger (10-100 µm), linear DNA in nucleus, 80S
ribosomes.
Cell membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Phospholipid bilayer
without sterols; controls transport and houses enzymes.
,Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER-Gel-like matrix with water,
enzymes, nutrients, and ions.
Ribosomes (70S) - CORRECT ANSWER-Protein synthesis;
target for antibiotics.
Chromosome (nucleoid) - CORRECT ANSWER-Single circular
DNA; no histones.
Glycocalyx - CORRECT ANSWER-Includes slime layer and
capsule.
Slime layer - CORRECT ANSWER-Loose, protects against
dehydration.
Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER-Dense, sticky, enhances
pathogenicity.
Cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER-Made of peptidoglycan; gives
shape and prevents lysis.
,Mycoplasma - CORRECT ANSWER-bacteria that lack cell
wall (makes it more resistant to antibiotics)
Cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-Helical protein ribbons;
maintains shape and may be antibiotic target.
Flagella - CORRECT ANSWER-Motility structures.
Pili - CORRECT ANSWER-Used in conjugation (DNA
transfer).
Fimbriae - CORRECT ANSWER-Adhesion to surfaces and
host tissues.
Plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER-Extra DNA; often carry
resistance or virulence genes.
Endospores - CORRECT ANSWER-Dormant survival
structures.
, Outer membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Found in Gram-
negative bacteria; contains LPS.
Nanotubes - CORRECT ANSWER-Transfer nutrients or
electrons between cells.
Coccus - CORRECT ANSWER-Spherical (e.g., Staphylococcus
aureus).
Bacillus - CORRECT ANSWER-Rod-shaped (e.g., Legionella
pneumophila).
Vibrio - CORRECT ANSWER-Comma-shaped (e.g., Vibrio
vulnificus).
Spirillum - CORRECT ANSWER-Rigid spiral (e.g.,
Campylobacter jejuni).
