Fall Semester 2025 – December NGN ATI Pediatrics
Complete Exam Success Guide | Pediatric
Assessment Mastery, Developmental Milestones,
Priority Nursing Responses, Childhood Conditions,
Medication Administration, Safety Protocols & 330+
NGN-Style ATI Pediatric Case Studies with Full
Rationales
Question 1:
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about the signs of dehydration in children. Which
sign should the nurse emphasize as a critical indicator?
• A) Dry skin
• B) Sunken fontanelle
• C) Mild lethargy
• D) Increased thirst
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Sunken fontanelle
Rationale: A sunken fontanelle is a critical indicator of dehydration, especially in
infants.
Question 2:
During a health screening, a 10-year-old child displays persistent headaches and visual
disturbances. What condition should the nurse suspect?
• A) Tension headaches
• B) Increased intracranial pressure
• C) Sinusitis
• D) Migraine
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Increased intracranial pressure
Rationale: Persistent headaches and visual disturbances may indicate increased
intracranial pressure, which requires immediate evaluation.
,Question 3:
A nurse is assessing a child with asthma. Which assessment finding would require
immediate intervention?
• A) Occasional cough
• B) Wheezing upon exhalation
• C) Mild shortness of breath during play
• D) Rare use of a rescue inhaler
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Wheezing upon exhalation
Rationale: Wheezing upon exhalation is a sign of narrowed airways and may indicate an
exacerbation requiring immediate attention.
Question 4:
In educating parents about nutritional needs, which statement indicates that further
teaching is needed?
• A) "I will limit my child's intake of sugary snacks."
• B) "Fruits and vegetables should be included in every meal."
• C) "Whole grains are important for my child's diet."
• D) "My child can eat as much processed food as they want if they exercise."
CORRECT ANSWER: D) "My child can eat as much processed food as they want if
they exercise."
Rationale: While exercise is important, a balanced diet is essential; excessive
processed food can lead to health issues.
Question 5:
A nurse is administering a vaccine to an infant. Which action is important to perform
prior to vaccination?
• A) Assess pain tolerance
• B) Verify the infant’s immunization history
• C) Obtain a urine sample
• D) Inform the parents about potential side effects
,CORRECT ANSWER: B) Verify the infant’s immunization history
Rationale: Ensuring that the immunization history is current is crucial for appropriate
vaccination.
Question 6:
A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child with suspected pneumonia. Which symptom
would most likely be observed?
• A) Frequent urination
• B) Barking cough
• C) Lethargy
• D) Sore throat
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Barking cough
Rationale: A barking cough is characteristic of croup, which can be associated with
respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
Question 7:
In providing care for a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, which instruction is vital for
the parents?
• A) Check blood glucose levels regularly.
• B) Restrict all carbohydrates from the diet.
• C) Administer insulin only when the child is ill.
• D) Limit exercise to avoid hypoglycemia.
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Check blood glucose levels regularly.
Rationale: Regular monitoring of blood glucose is vital for managing diabetes
effectively.
Question 8:
What is the most significant risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) that the
nurse should inform parents about?
• A) Low birth weight
• B) Sleeping on stomach
• C) Maternal smoking during pregnancy
• D) Male gender
, CORRECT ANSWER: B) Sleeping on stomach
Rationale: Placing infants to sleep on their stomachs is a well-established risk factor
for SIDS.
Question 9:
A school nurse is presenting information about the importance of HPV vaccination.
What is the primary purpose of this vaccine?
• A) To prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases
• B) To enhance immune response against flu
• C) To treat existing HPV infections
• D) To prevent the spread of common cold viruses
CORRECT ANSWER: A) To prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases
Rationale: The HPV vaccine is crucial in preventing HPV-related cancers, including
cervical cancer.
Question 10:
A nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which finding would be
characteristic of this condition?
• A) High blood pressure
• B) Foul-smelling urine
• C) Normal urinalysis
• D) Cold extremities
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Foul-smelling urine
Rationale: Foul-smelling urine is a common symptom associated with UTIs.
Question 11:
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected pharyngitis. Which sign would suggest a
bacterial cause?
• A) Nasal congestion
• B) Presence of a white exudate on the tonsils
• C) Runny nose
Complete Exam Success Guide | Pediatric
Assessment Mastery, Developmental Milestones,
Priority Nursing Responses, Childhood Conditions,
Medication Administration, Safety Protocols & 330+
NGN-Style ATI Pediatric Case Studies with Full
Rationales
Question 1:
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about the signs of dehydration in children. Which
sign should the nurse emphasize as a critical indicator?
• A) Dry skin
• B) Sunken fontanelle
• C) Mild lethargy
• D) Increased thirst
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Sunken fontanelle
Rationale: A sunken fontanelle is a critical indicator of dehydration, especially in
infants.
Question 2:
During a health screening, a 10-year-old child displays persistent headaches and visual
disturbances. What condition should the nurse suspect?
• A) Tension headaches
• B) Increased intracranial pressure
• C) Sinusitis
• D) Migraine
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Increased intracranial pressure
Rationale: Persistent headaches and visual disturbances may indicate increased
intracranial pressure, which requires immediate evaluation.
,Question 3:
A nurse is assessing a child with asthma. Which assessment finding would require
immediate intervention?
• A) Occasional cough
• B) Wheezing upon exhalation
• C) Mild shortness of breath during play
• D) Rare use of a rescue inhaler
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Wheezing upon exhalation
Rationale: Wheezing upon exhalation is a sign of narrowed airways and may indicate an
exacerbation requiring immediate attention.
Question 4:
In educating parents about nutritional needs, which statement indicates that further
teaching is needed?
• A) "I will limit my child's intake of sugary snacks."
• B) "Fruits and vegetables should be included in every meal."
• C) "Whole grains are important for my child's diet."
• D) "My child can eat as much processed food as they want if they exercise."
CORRECT ANSWER: D) "My child can eat as much processed food as they want if
they exercise."
Rationale: While exercise is important, a balanced diet is essential; excessive
processed food can lead to health issues.
Question 5:
A nurse is administering a vaccine to an infant. Which action is important to perform
prior to vaccination?
• A) Assess pain tolerance
• B) Verify the infant’s immunization history
• C) Obtain a urine sample
• D) Inform the parents about potential side effects
,CORRECT ANSWER: B) Verify the infant’s immunization history
Rationale: Ensuring that the immunization history is current is crucial for appropriate
vaccination.
Question 6:
A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child with suspected pneumonia. Which symptom
would most likely be observed?
• A) Frequent urination
• B) Barking cough
• C) Lethargy
• D) Sore throat
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Barking cough
Rationale: A barking cough is characteristic of croup, which can be associated with
respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
Question 7:
In providing care for a child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, which instruction is vital for
the parents?
• A) Check blood glucose levels regularly.
• B) Restrict all carbohydrates from the diet.
• C) Administer insulin only when the child is ill.
• D) Limit exercise to avoid hypoglycemia.
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Check blood glucose levels regularly.
Rationale: Regular monitoring of blood glucose is vital for managing diabetes
effectively.
Question 8:
What is the most significant risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) that the
nurse should inform parents about?
• A) Low birth weight
• B) Sleeping on stomach
• C) Maternal smoking during pregnancy
• D) Male gender
, CORRECT ANSWER: B) Sleeping on stomach
Rationale: Placing infants to sleep on their stomachs is a well-established risk factor
for SIDS.
Question 9:
A school nurse is presenting information about the importance of HPV vaccination.
What is the primary purpose of this vaccine?
• A) To prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases
• B) To enhance immune response against flu
• C) To treat existing HPV infections
• D) To prevent the spread of common cold viruses
CORRECT ANSWER: A) To prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases
Rationale: The HPV vaccine is crucial in preventing HPV-related cancers, including
cervical cancer.
Question 10:
A nurse is caring for a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which finding would be
characteristic of this condition?
• A) High blood pressure
• B) Foul-smelling urine
• C) Normal urinalysis
• D) Cold extremities
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Foul-smelling urine
Rationale: Foul-smelling urine is a common symptom associated with UTIs.
Question 11:
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected pharyngitis. Which sign would suggest a
bacterial cause?
• A) Nasal congestion
• B) Presence of a white exudate on the tonsils
• C) Runny nose
