BIOL 235 FINAL EXAM (ATHABASCA UNIVERSITY) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) | GRADED A+ | NEW UPDATE
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to the ____, loses
___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta
c)Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta - (Correct Answer) - A. Right
atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the upper
respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower
respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract - (Correct Answer) - B. Air is
taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower
respiratory tract
Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea - (Correct Answer) - C. terminal bronchioles
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while ___cells are
responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
, 2
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion - (Correct Answer) - d) type 1; gas
exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when
a) P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall - (Correct Answer) - a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
What keeps the lungs from collapsing
Check the - (Correct Answer) - b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by negative
pressure from pleural cavity
Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of the alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli - (Correct
Answer) - c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into
alveoli
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
, 3
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface - (Correct Answer) -
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above - (Correct Answer) - d) none of the above
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma - (Correct Answer) - a) increased lung compliance
which is true abbout the pleural sac
a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects the lungs from infections
b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative pressure compared to
atmospheric pressure - (Correct Answer) - b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and
contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus
, 4
d)respiratory bronchiole - (Correct Answer) - d)respiratory bronchiole
the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is increased when there is
an increase in which of these?
a)air resistance
b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm - (Correct Answer) - b)the pressure gradiant from the
atmosphere to the alveoli
under normal circumstances, which of the following would result from an increase in
transpulmonary pressure?
a) inhalation/inspiration
b) exhalation/expiration
c) a collapsed lung
d) emphysema - (Correct Answer) - a) inhalation/inspiration
which of the following statements about the response of arteriole smooth muscle to changing
ocygen partial pressure is true?
a) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting
b) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating
c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict
in response to decreased PO
d) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting but pulmonary arterioles
dilate in response to decreased PO2 - (Correct Answer) - c) systemic arterioles respond to a
decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict in response to decreased PO
during an unforced exhalation/expiration, which would NOT be true?
a) alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) | GRADED A+ | NEW UPDATE
Venous blood returning from systemic circulation first enters the ___, proceeds to the ____, loses
___and gains ____ in the lungs, and then returns to the heart via the ____.
a) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins.
b) Left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, aorta
c)Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, O2, CO2, pulmonary veins
d) Left atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, O2, CO2, aorta - (Correct Answer) - A. Right
atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, CO2, O2, pulmonary veins
The upper respiratory tract differs from the lower respiratory tract in what way?
A) air is taken in through the lower respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the upper
respiratory tract
b) air is taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower
respiratory tract
c) CO2 is removed from circulation in the upper respiratory tract
d) O2 is removed from circulation in the lower respiratory tract - (Correct Answer) - B. Air is
taken in through the upper respiratory tract, and CO2/O2 are exchanged in the lower
respiratory tract
Smooth muscle surrounds which structure of the lower respiratory tract?
a) Alveoli
b) Alveolar capillaries
c) Terminal bronchioles
d) Trachea - (Correct Answer) - C. terminal bronchioles
In the alveolus, ____squamous epithelial cells are responsible for ___, while ___cells are
responsible for ____.
a) Type 1; surfactant secretion; Type 2, gas exchange
b) type 1; debris removal; type 2; surfactant secretion
, 2
c) type 3; debris removal; type 1; gas exchange
d) type 1; gas exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion - (Correct Answer) - d) type 1; gas
exchange; type 2: surfactant secretion
There is no net air flow into or out of the lungs when
a) P alveolus = P atmostpher
b) P alveolus< P atmostphere
c) P pleural wall > P atmostphere
d) P atmosphere< P pleural wall - (Correct Answer) - a) P alveolus = P atmosphere
What keeps the lungs from collapsing
Check the - (Correct Answer) - b) trans pulmonary negative pressure caused by negative
pressure from pleural cavity
Identify the correct sequence of events for inspiration
a) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals relax, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
b) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract; lungs expand, air flows out of the alveoli
c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into alveoli
d)diaphragm & expiratory intercostals relax, lungs contract, air flows out of alveoli - (Correct
Answer) - c) diaphragm & inspiratory intercostals contract, lungs expand, air flows into
alveoli
the main determiners of lung compliance are
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
b) lung tissue perforations, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
c) lung tissue surface area, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
, 3
d) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the outer lung surface - (Correct Answer) -
a) lung tissue thickness, surface tension of fluid on the inner lung surface
lung compliance is defined as
a) lung volume/ transpulmonary pressure
b) transpulmonary pressure/ lung volume
c) transthoracic pressure/ atmospheric pressure
d) none of the above - (Correct Answer) - d) none of the above
trained athletes tend to have
a) increased lung compliance
b) normal lung compliance
c) decreased lung compliance
d) asthma - (Correct Answer) - a) increased lung compliance
which is true abbout the pleural sac
a)it is continuous with the atmosphere and protects the lungs from infections
b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
c) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and contain a large volume of surfactact
d) it is a closed, air-filled space surrounding both lungs that has a negative pressure compared to
atmospheric pressure - (Correct Answer) - b) it is a closed sac surrounding each lung and
contains only a tiny volume of lubricating fluid
which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space?"
a) bronchiole
b) trachea
c) bronchus
, 4
d)respiratory bronchiole - (Correct Answer) - d)respiratory bronchiole
the volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is increased when there is
an increase in which of these?
a)air resistance
b)the pressure gradiant from the atmosphere to the alveoli
c) the pressure in the intrapleural space
d) the curvature of the diaphragm - (Correct Answer) - b)the pressure gradiant from the
atmosphere to the alveoli
under normal circumstances, which of the following would result from an increase in
transpulmonary pressure?
a) inhalation/inspiration
b) exhalation/expiration
c) a collapsed lung
d) emphysema - (Correct Answer) - a) inhalation/inspiration
which of the following statements about the response of arteriole smooth muscle to changing
ocygen partial pressure is true?
a) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting
b) both systemic and pulmonary arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating
c) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict
in response to decreased PO
d) systemic arterioles respond to a decrease in PO2 by constricting but pulmonary arterioles
dilate in response to decreased PO2 - (Correct Answer) - c) systemic arterioles respond to a
decrease in PO2 by dilating but pulmonary arterioles constrict in response to decreased PO
during an unforced exhalation/expiration, which would NOT be true?
a) alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
