INTRODUCTION TO NURSING KEY CONCEPTS HISTORY AND
PRACTICE STUDY GUIDE // A+ GRADED PRESENTATION //
FOUNDATIONAL NURSING PRINCIPLES PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT PATIENT CARE ETHICS AND HISTORICAL
INFLUENCES FOR STUDENT MASTERY // ACADEMIC YEAR
2025/2026
What is the focus of the Illness-Wellness Continuum? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Health is on a forward-moving continuum toward high-level
wellness or toward death/disability.
What significant contribution did Louis Pasteur make to nursing? -
CORRECT ANSWER-He developed the germ theory and pasteurization,
which greatly impacted health, especially in dairy products.
Who introduced antisepsis and sterilization in surgical practices? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Joseph Lister
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover? - CORRECT ANSWER-He
used the microscope to identify microbes, providing insight into the causes
of disease.
What major medical advancement did Alexander Fleming introduce? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Penicillin, which significantly affected the treatment
and control of infections.
What was Edward Jenner known for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Creating an
effective vaccine against cowpox, which led to the eradication of smallpox.
,What are the three levels of health care delivery? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Care Delivery
What does the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) aim to
address? - CORRECT ANSWER-It aims to improve access to health care
and reduce costs.
What is the significance of the Nurse Practice Act? - CORRECT ANSWER-
It defines the scope of nursing practice and protects public health and
safety.
What are the components of the Nursing Process? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE)
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Qualitative research focuses on understanding
concepts and experiences, while quantitative research focuses on
numerical data and statistical analysis.
What ethical principle involves doing good for patients? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Beneficence
What does the term 'non-maleficence' refer to in nursing ethics? -
CORRECT ANSWER-The obligation to not inflict harm intentionally.
What is the importance of cultural sensitivity in nursing? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It ensures that care is respectful and tailored to the diverse
backgrounds of patients.
, What are the stages of grief according to nursing practice? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
What is the purpose of advanced directives? - CORRECT ANSWER-To
communicate a patient's wishes regarding medical treatment in case they
become unable to do so.
What is the Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Program to ensure children not eligible for Medicaid are insured.
What are Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Private insurance where primary care physicians receive a pre-
set amount to keep patients healthy.
What is the role of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Intended to improve health care quality, expand
coverage, and lower costs.
What are advanced directives? - CORRECT ANSWER-Legal documents
specifying what may or may not be done to patients unable to speak for
themselves.
What is informed consent? - CORRECT ANSWER-Requirement that
physicians fully explain procedures and risks before treatment.
PRACTICE STUDY GUIDE // A+ GRADED PRESENTATION //
FOUNDATIONAL NURSING PRINCIPLES PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT PATIENT CARE ETHICS AND HISTORICAL
INFLUENCES FOR STUDENT MASTERY // ACADEMIC YEAR
2025/2026
What is the focus of the Illness-Wellness Continuum? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Health is on a forward-moving continuum toward high-level
wellness or toward death/disability.
What significant contribution did Louis Pasteur make to nursing? -
CORRECT ANSWER-He developed the germ theory and pasteurization,
which greatly impacted health, especially in dairy products.
Who introduced antisepsis and sterilization in surgical practices? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Joseph Lister
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek discover? - CORRECT ANSWER-He
used the microscope to identify microbes, providing insight into the causes
of disease.
What major medical advancement did Alexander Fleming introduce? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Penicillin, which significantly affected the treatment
and control of infections.
What was Edward Jenner known for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Creating an
effective vaccine against cowpox, which led to the eradication of smallpox.
,What are the three levels of health care delivery? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Care Delivery
What does the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) aim to
address? - CORRECT ANSWER-It aims to improve access to health care
and reduce costs.
What is the significance of the Nurse Practice Act? - CORRECT ANSWER-
It defines the scope of nursing practice and protects public health and
safety.
What are the components of the Nursing Process? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE)
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Qualitative research focuses on understanding
concepts and experiences, while quantitative research focuses on
numerical data and statistical analysis.
What ethical principle involves doing good for patients? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Beneficence
What does the term 'non-maleficence' refer to in nursing ethics? -
CORRECT ANSWER-The obligation to not inflict harm intentionally.
What is the importance of cultural sensitivity in nursing? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It ensures that care is respectful and tailored to the diverse
backgrounds of patients.
, What are the stages of grief according to nursing practice? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
What is the purpose of advanced directives? - CORRECT ANSWER-To
communicate a patient's wishes regarding medical treatment in case they
become unable to do so.
What is the Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Program to ensure children not eligible for Medicaid are insured.
What are Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Private insurance where primary care physicians receive a pre-
set amount to keep patients healthy.
What is the role of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Intended to improve health care quality, expand
coverage, and lower costs.
What are advanced directives? - CORRECT ANSWER-Legal documents
specifying what may or may not be done to patients unable to speak for
themselves.
What is informed consent? - CORRECT ANSWER-Requirement that
physicians fully explain procedures and risks before treatment.
