,Chapter 01: Introduction to Imaging and Radiologic Sciences
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
Adler: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care, 8th Edition
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
MULTIPLE CHOICE x@
1. The use of x-rays to create a medical image on patients is referred to as
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. x@ x@
ANS: B x@x@
Radiography is the making of records of internal structures of the body by passage of
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@x-
rays or gamma rays through the body. These records or images are typically referred
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@to as radiographs.
x@ x@
REF: p. 4 x@
2. Particular care must be taken when using radiation for medical imaging. This is the r
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
esult of radiation’s ability to create
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
in human tissue and possible biochemical chang x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
es.
a. ionizations
b. radio waves x@
c. sound waves x@
d. thermal changes x@
ANS: A x@x@
Some forms of electromagnetic energy, including x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rays, have the ability to ionize atoms in matter. These ionizations have the ability to
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
disrupt the composition of matter and are capable of disrupting life processes. Specia
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
l protection should be provided to prevent excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 3 x@
3. In the diagnosis of patient disease states, physicians can select from an array of me
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
dical diagnostic modalities. A few of these involve the use of ionizing energy to cre
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ate a medical image. If a physician is concerned about the use of ionizing radiation,
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
he or she may choose to order any of the following diagnostic modalities EXCEPT
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. thermograms.
b. medical sonography. x@
c. radiography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. x@ x@
ANS: C x@x@
Radiography involves the use of x- x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rays for the production of medical images. Medical procedures such as thermograms,
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
sonograms, and magnetic resonance scans use nonionizing energy forms and conseque
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ntly do not produce ionizations in human tissue. They are regarded as nonionizing m
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
odalities for imaging and offer excellent alternatives to physicians concerned about rad
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
iation exposure to patients.
x@ x@ x@
, REF: x @ x @ pp. 3-4 x@
4. The Greek physician Hippocrates is regarded as the father of Western medicine. All
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@of the following choices represent his medical beliefs EXCEPT the
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. use of high ethical standards of conduct.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
b. important medical value of sorcery and witchcraft.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
c. importance of closely monitoring a patient’s condition and recovery.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
d. value of diet and exercise and allowing nature to take its course in recovery.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ANS: B x@x@
The Hippocratic Corpus is writings that they emphasize rational and natural explanatio
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ns for the treatment of disease and reject sorcery and magic. The Hippocratic oath sti
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ll governs the ethical conduct of physicians today.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 5 x@
5. Throughout the history of medicine, remarkable achievements have been recorded.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
These events have led to our current understanding of the human organism and di
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
sease. As this research continues, much of it will most likely focus on
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. proper sanitation and public health.x@ x@ x@ x@
b. immunology and the development of vaccines. x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
c. germ theory and infection. x@ x@ x@
d. human genes and genetic engineering.x@ x@ x@ x@
ANS: D x@x@
Although the Human Genome Project is finished, analyses of the data will continue f
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
or many years. The replacement of faulty genes through gene therapy offers promises
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@of cures for a variety of hereditary diseases, and through genetic engineering, import
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ant pharmaceuticals continue to be developed. Medical research will continue to focu
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
s on the genetic code in all cells.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 6 x@
6. Wilhelm C. Roentgen’s discovery of ―the x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ray‖ is regarded as one of medicine’s most significant achievements. Although his d
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
iscovery was accidental, his early research was so thorough that no significant findi
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ngs have been added to his original theories. This in itself is a true tribute to the b
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rilliance of Roentgen as a scientist. One of the most famous early images he create
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
d was an x-ray image of his
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. colon.
b. laboratory assistant’s foot. x@ x@
c. wife’s hand. x@
d. kidneys.
ANS: C x@x@
November 8, 1895, is believed by historians to be the day that Roentgen created the
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
famous image of the hand of his wife. Through his investigative methods, Roentgen
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
identified the properties of x-rays. x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 6 x@
, 7. A x@ valuable x-ray procedure used to diagnose a myocardial infarction is
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronary arteriography. x@
ANS: D x@x@
Coronary arteriography is an extremely valuable tool in diagnosing atherosclerosis, wh
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ich can block the coronary arteries and cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction). B
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
y way of a special catheter with a balloon tip, effective treatment of atherosclerosis i
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
s possible. This treatment of a blocked blood vessel is termed angioplasty. Angioplast
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
y is used to treat patients without having to use invasive open-heart surgery.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 8 x@
8. All of the following are true of the diagnostic procedure of mammography EXCEPT
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. it is very valuable for the detection of early breast cancers.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
b. the procedures may be performed using a general radiographic machine.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
c. radiographers need to be specially trained in order to perform mammography.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
d. radiographers must be certified by the ARRT to qualify for the mammog
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
raphy examination. x@
ANS: B x@x@
Special breast imaging centers have been built to accommodate the demand for mamm
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ography procedures. Equipment and supplies, such as a specially designed x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ray tube and high-resolution digital imaging detectors, are used to create high-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
quality breast images. Mammography cannot be performed using general x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ray equipment.
x@
REF: p. 8 x@
9. To study the blood vessels of the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs, contrast mat
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
erial is administered into these vessels by using
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. none of the above. x@ x@ x@
ANS: A x@x@
Angiography is the term for radiologic examination of the blood vessels after injecti
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
on of a contrast medium. Most often, the contrast material is injected through a cath
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
eter, which can be directed to a variety of major arteries or veins for visualization
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
of these structures.
x@ x@
REF: p. 8 x@
10. Radiologic science continues to be one of the most exciting professions in medici
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ne. An imaging modality that uses no ionizing radiation and the energy of radio
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
waves and magnetic fields is
x@ x@ x@ x@
a. nuclear imaging. x@
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
Adler: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care, 8th Edition
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
MULTIPLE CHOICE x@
1. The use of x-rays to create a medical image on patients is referred to as
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. x@ x@
ANS: B x@x@
Radiography is the making of records of internal structures of the body by passage of
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@x-
rays or gamma rays through the body. These records or images are typically referred
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@to as radiographs.
x@ x@
REF: p. 4 x@
2. Particular care must be taken when using radiation for medical imaging. This is the r
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
esult of radiation’s ability to create
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
in human tissue and possible biochemical chang x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
es.
a. ionizations
b. radio waves x@
c. sound waves x@
d. thermal changes x@
ANS: A x@x@
Some forms of electromagnetic energy, including x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rays, have the ability to ionize atoms in matter. These ionizations have the ability to
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
disrupt the composition of matter and are capable of disrupting life processes. Specia
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
l protection should be provided to prevent excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 3 x@
3. In the diagnosis of patient disease states, physicians can select from an array of me
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
dical diagnostic modalities. A few of these involve the use of ionizing energy to cre
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ate a medical image. If a physician is concerned about the use of ionizing radiation,
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
he or she may choose to order any of the following diagnostic modalities EXCEPT
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. thermograms.
b. medical sonography. x@
c. radiography.
d. magnetic resonance imaging. x@ x@
ANS: C x@x@
Radiography involves the use of x- x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rays for the production of medical images. Medical procedures such as thermograms,
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
sonograms, and magnetic resonance scans use nonionizing energy forms and conseque
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ntly do not produce ionizations in human tissue. They are regarded as nonionizing m
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
odalities for imaging and offer excellent alternatives to physicians concerned about rad
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
iation exposure to patients.
x@ x@ x@
, REF: x @ x @ pp. 3-4 x@
4. The Greek physician Hippocrates is regarded as the father of Western medicine. All
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@of the following choices represent his medical beliefs EXCEPT the
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. use of high ethical standards of conduct.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
b. important medical value of sorcery and witchcraft.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
c. importance of closely monitoring a patient’s condition and recovery.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
d. value of diet and exercise and allowing nature to take its course in recovery.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ANS: B x@x@
The Hippocratic Corpus is writings that they emphasize rational and natural explanatio
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ns for the treatment of disease and reject sorcery and magic. The Hippocratic oath sti
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ll governs the ethical conduct of physicians today.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 5 x@
5. Throughout the history of medicine, remarkable achievements have been recorded.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
These events have led to our current understanding of the human organism and di
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
sease. As this research continues, much of it will most likely focus on
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. proper sanitation and public health.x@ x@ x@ x@
b. immunology and the development of vaccines. x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
c. germ theory and infection. x@ x@ x@
d. human genes and genetic engineering.x@ x@ x@ x@
ANS: D x@x@
Although the Human Genome Project is finished, analyses of the data will continue f
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
or many years. The replacement of faulty genes through gene therapy offers promises
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x
@of cures for a variety of hereditary diseases, and through genetic engineering, import
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ant pharmaceuticals continue to be developed. Medical research will continue to focu
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
s on the genetic code in all cells.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 6 x@
6. Wilhelm C. Roentgen’s discovery of ―the x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ray‖ is regarded as one of medicine’s most significant achievements. Although his d
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
iscovery was accidental, his early research was so thorough that no significant findi
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ngs have been added to his original theories. This in itself is a true tribute to the b
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
rilliance of Roentgen as a scientist. One of the most famous early images he create
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
d was an x-ray image of his
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. colon.
b. laboratory assistant’s foot. x@ x@
c. wife’s hand. x@
d. kidneys.
ANS: C x@x@
November 8, 1895, is believed by historians to be the day that Roentgen created the
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
famous image of the hand of his wife. Through his investigative methods, Roentgen
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
identified the properties of x-rays. x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 6 x@
, 7. A x@ valuable x-ray procedure used to diagnose a myocardial infarction is
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronary arteriography. x@
ANS: D x@x@
Coronary arteriography is an extremely valuable tool in diagnosing atherosclerosis, wh
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ich can block the coronary arteries and cause a heart attack (myocardial infarction). B
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
y way of a special catheter with a balloon tip, effective treatment of atherosclerosis i
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
s possible. This treatment of a blocked blood vessel is termed angioplasty. Angioplast
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
y is used to treat patients without having to use invasive open-heart surgery.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
REF: p. 8 x@
8. All of the following are true of the diagnostic procedure of mammography EXCEPT
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. it is very valuable for the detection of early breast cancers.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
b. the procedures may be performed using a general radiographic machine.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
c. radiographers need to be specially trained in order to perform mammography.
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
d. radiographers must be certified by the ARRT to qualify for the mammog
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
raphy examination. x@
ANS: B x@x@
Special breast imaging centers have been built to accommodate the demand for mamm
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ography procedures. Equipment and supplies, such as a specially designed x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ray tube and high-resolution digital imaging detectors, are used to create high-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
quality breast images. Mammography cannot be performed using general x-
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ray equipment.
x@
REF: p. 8 x@
9. To study the blood vessels of the brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs, contrast mat
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
erial is administered into these vessels by using
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. none of the above. x@ x@ x@
ANS: A x@x@
Angiography is the term for radiologic examination of the blood vessels after injecti
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
on of a contrast medium. Most often, the contrast material is injected through a cath
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
eter, which can be directed to a variety of major arteries or veins for visualization
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
of these structures.
x@ x@
REF: p. 8 x@
10. Radiologic science continues to be one of the most exciting professions in medici
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
ne. An imaging modality that uses no ionizing radiation and the energy of radio
x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@
waves and magnetic fields is
x@ x@ x@ x@
a. nuclear imaging. x@
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
