Pediatrics Review - Emma Holliday
Ramahi 2025/2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | 100% Solved
What does the APGAR tell you? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔General info about how
the newborn tolerated labor (1min) and the newborn's response to
resuscitation (5min)
What does the APGAR not tell you? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What to do next (does
not guide therapy)
How the baby will turn out (does NOT predict neurologic outcome)
,PE: When assessing Moro on an LGA newborn, the right arm remains
extended and medially rotated. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Erb-Duchenne C5-C6.
(Klumpke is C7-C8 + T1) Refer if not better by 3- 6mo for neuroplasty
PE: When palpating the clavicles on a LGA newborn, you feel crepitus and
discontinuity on the left. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Clavicular Fracture.
Will form a callus in 1wk. No tx needed. Can use figure of 8 splint.
"Edema. Crosses suture lines." - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Caput succedaneum
"Fluctuance. Doesn't cross suture lines." - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Cephalohematoma
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Mongolian Spots
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patch)
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Milia
Appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2-5
after birth. Resolves within first two weeks of life, and frequently individual
lesions will appear and disappear within minutes or hours. It is a benign
condition thought to cause no discomfort to the baby - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Erythema toxicum
,- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Strawberry Hemangioma
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Neonatal Acne
"an area of alopecia with orange colored nodular skin"
Remove before adolescence b/c it can undergo malignant degeneration. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Nevus Sebaceous
"thick, yellow/white oily scale on an inflammatory base".
What to do? Gently clean w/ mild shampoo - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Seborrheic
Dermatitis
Two disorders screened for in every state because they are disastrous if
not caught early (and happen to be a contraindication to breast feeding...) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Phenylketonuria and Galactosemia.
Galactosemia. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Deficient G1p-uridyl- transferase. G1p
accum to damage kidney, liver, brain.
• Sxs = MR direct hyperbili & jaundice, ↓glc, cataracts, seizures.
• Predisposed to E. coli sepsis.
• No lactose por vida.
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Phenylketonuria. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Deficient Phe hydrolxalase.
• Sxs = MR, vomiting, athetosis, seizures, developmental delay over 1st
few mos
• Signs = fair hair, eyes, skin, musty smell.
• Low Phe diet.
3 days old, bili @ 10, direct is 0.5. Eating & pooping well. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Physiologic Jaundice. Gone by 5th DOL.
Liver conjugation not yet mature.
7 days old, bili @ 12, direct is 0.5. dry mucous membranes, not gaining
weight. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Breast feeding Jaundice. ↓feeding = dehydration =
retain meconium & re- absorb deconjugated bili.
14 days old, bili @ 12, direct is 0.5. Baby regained birth weight, otherwise
healthy. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Breast milk Jaundice. Breast milk has
glucuronidase and de-conj bili.
1 day old, bili @ 14, direct is 0.5. Are you worried? Next best test? If
positive? If negative? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Pathologic Jaundice = on 1st DOL,
bili >12, d-bili >2, rate of rise >5/day.
Ramahi 2025/2026 Exam Questions and
Answers | 100% Solved
What does the APGAR tell you? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔General info about how
the newborn tolerated labor (1min) and the newborn's response to
resuscitation (5min)
What does the APGAR not tell you? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What to do next (does
not guide therapy)
How the baby will turn out (does NOT predict neurologic outcome)
,PE: When assessing Moro on an LGA newborn, the right arm remains
extended and medially rotated. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Erb-Duchenne C5-C6.
(Klumpke is C7-C8 + T1) Refer if not better by 3- 6mo for neuroplasty
PE: When palpating the clavicles on a LGA newborn, you feel crepitus and
discontinuity on the left. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Clavicular Fracture.
Will form a callus in 1wk. No tx needed. Can use figure of 8 splint.
"Edema. Crosses suture lines." - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Caput succedaneum
"Fluctuance. Doesn't cross suture lines." - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Cephalohematoma
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Mongolian Spots
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patch)
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Milia
Appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2-5
after birth. Resolves within first two weeks of life, and frequently individual
lesions will appear and disappear within minutes or hours. It is a benign
condition thought to cause no discomfort to the baby - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Erythema toxicum
,- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Strawberry Hemangioma
- 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Neonatal Acne
"an area of alopecia with orange colored nodular skin"
Remove before adolescence b/c it can undergo malignant degeneration. -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Nevus Sebaceous
"thick, yellow/white oily scale on an inflammatory base".
What to do? Gently clean w/ mild shampoo - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Seborrheic
Dermatitis
Two disorders screened for in every state because they are disastrous if
not caught early (and happen to be a contraindication to breast feeding...) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Phenylketonuria and Galactosemia.
Galactosemia. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Deficient G1p-uridyl- transferase. G1p
accum to damage kidney, liver, brain.
• Sxs = MR direct hyperbili & jaundice, ↓glc, cataracts, seizures.
• Predisposed to E. coli sepsis.
• No lactose por vida.
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Phenylketonuria. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔• Deficient Phe hydrolxalase.
• Sxs = MR, vomiting, athetosis, seizures, developmental delay over 1st
few mos
• Signs = fair hair, eyes, skin, musty smell.
• Low Phe diet.
3 days old, bili @ 10, direct is 0.5. Eating & pooping well. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Physiologic Jaundice. Gone by 5th DOL.
Liver conjugation not yet mature.
7 days old, bili @ 12, direct is 0.5. dry mucous membranes, not gaining
weight. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Breast feeding Jaundice. ↓feeding = dehydration =
retain meconium & re- absorb deconjugated bili.
14 days old, bili @ 12, direct is 0.5. Baby regained birth weight, otherwise
healthy. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Breast milk Jaundice. Breast milk has
glucuronidase and de-conj bili.
1 day old, bili @ 14, direct is 0.5. Are you worried? Next best test? If
positive? If negative? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Pathologic Jaundice = on 1st DOL,
bili >12, d-bili >2, rate of rise >5/day.
