Pediatrics – Cardiology 2025/2026 | 80+ Questions with Correct Answers | Murmurs, CHDs, Syncope, Kawasaki Disease

This document provides over 80 clinically-focused, exam-style questions and answers covering the Pediatric Cardiology section of a medical curriculum, updated for the 2025/2026 academic year. It serves as a rapid-review resource for medical students and pediatric trainees preparing for shelf exams, COMLEX/USMLE Step 2, or clinical rotations. Structured in a high-yield Q&A format, this material covers the diagnosis, pathophysiology, clinical signs, and treatment of major congenital and acquired pediatric cardiac conditions. Key topics include: – Innocent and pathologic murmurs: Still’s murmur, venous hum, flow murmurs, VSD, PDA, ASD – Congenital heart defects (CHDs): Tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great vessels, hypoplastic left heart syndrome – Cardiovascular findings in syndromes: Turner’s syndrome, Kawasaki disease – Pediatric syncope: neurally-mediated, cardiogenic, vagally induced – Cardiomyopathies and sudden cardiac death: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, autosomal dominant inheritance, ICD treatment – Critical exam signs: boot-shaped heart, differential BP in limbs, murmurs radiating to the back – Emergency management: prostaglandin E1 use, indications for surgical interventions, and medical therapy for PDA and Kawasaki disease This document is perfect for: – Medical students in pediatrics or cardiology rotations – OMS students preparing for COMLEX Level 2 CE – USMLE Step 2 CK prep – PA, NP, and nursing students focused on pediatric cardiology – Residents and educators seeking board-aligned, answer-verified teaching content Every question is followed by a clear, concise answer designed to reinforce essential pediatric cardiology concepts through active recall and clinical correlation. Keywords: pediatric cardiology, heart murmurs, congenital heart disease, VSD, PDA, ASD, Tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta, Kawasaki disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, syncope, pediatric shelf exam, cardiology rotation, prostaglandin, boot-shaped heart, cardiac murmurs, endocarditis