HTH 100 EXAM 4 (SMITH) (Latest update
2026- 2027) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What is a pathogen? - correct answer A microorganism that causes disease
What is an epidemic? - correct answer A widespread occurrence of an infectious
disease in a community at a particular time.
What is a pandemic? - correct answer A global disease outbreak
What is an endemic? - correct answer A disease that is always present to some degree
but usually less impactful as time goes on (i.e. common cold)
What is virulence? - correct answer Degree of pathogenicity
What does it mean to be immunocompromised? - correct answer When an individual
has a weak immune system and their immune system becomes impacted
How do pathogens gain entry? - correct answer Wounds or physical trauma, direct
contact, indirect contact (touching something an infected person touched), animal-
bourne, interspecies-transmission, etc.
What is animal-bourne diseases? - correct answer Carried by animals
, HTH 100 EXAM 4 (SMITH) (Latest update
2026- 2027) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What does it mean to autoinoculate yourself? - correct answer When a person
transmits a pathogen from one part of their body to another
Risk factors you can control - correct answer Stress, nutrition, fitness level, sleep, drug
use, personal hygiene, high-risk behaviors, exposure to products and services that
increase risk
Routes of disease transmission - correct answer Airborne, Direct Contact (blood /
saliva /urine), reproductive, fomite (on surfaces), Vector (insects).
Hard-to-control risk factors - correct answer Heredity, Age- weakened immune
system (young or older adults), Environmental conditions-changes are increasing
infectious diseases, Organism virulence and resistance- organisms mutated/more
resistant to drugs
Physical and chemical defenses against infection - correct answer Skin, Enzymes in
body secretions (sweat), Internal linings of the body (mucus membranes), Immune
system defenses
What is immunity? - correct answer The ability of an organism to resist infection
2026- 2027) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What is a pathogen? - correct answer A microorganism that causes disease
What is an epidemic? - correct answer A widespread occurrence of an infectious
disease in a community at a particular time.
What is a pandemic? - correct answer A global disease outbreak
What is an endemic? - correct answer A disease that is always present to some degree
but usually less impactful as time goes on (i.e. common cold)
What is virulence? - correct answer Degree of pathogenicity
What does it mean to be immunocompromised? - correct answer When an individual
has a weak immune system and their immune system becomes impacted
How do pathogens gain entry? - correct answer Wounds or physical trauma, direct
contact, indirect contact (touching something an infected person touched), animal-
bourne, interspecies-transmission, etc.
What is animal-bourne diseases? - correct answer Carried by animals
, HTH 100 EXAM 4 (SMITH) (Latest update
2026- 2027) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What does it mean to autoinoculate yourself? - correct answer When a person
transmits a pathogen from one part of their body to another
Risk factors you can control - correct answer Stress, nutrition, fitness level, sleep, drug
use, personal hygiene, high-risk behaviors, exposure to products and services that
increase risk
Routes of disease transmission - correct answer Airborne, Direct Contact (blood /
saliva /urine), reproductive, fomite (on surfaces), Vector (insects).
Hard-to-control risk factors - correct answer Heredity, Age- weakened immune
system (young or older adults), Environmental conditions-changes are increasing
infectious diseases, Organism virulence and resistance- organisms mutated/more
resistant to drugs
Physical and chemical defenses against infection - correct answer Skin, Enzymes in
body secretions (sweat), Internal linings of the body (mucus membranes), Immune
system defenses
What is immunity? - correct answer The ability of an organism to resist infection
