1|Page
WGU D312 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT 2 LATEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK| D312 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY I OA 2 WITH COMPLETE 300 REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
the cell organelle responsible for protein synthesis – ANSWER -
ribosome
a stack of small, flat sacs of membranes in the cytoplasm that prepare
protein and fat molecules – ANSWER - Golgi complex
membrane-bound cell organelles containing digestive enzymes that
disintegrate decayed cell parts and may also destroy viruses and bacteria
– ANSWER - lysosomes
lysosomal breakdown of a cell's own components – ANSWER -
autophagy
the breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action – ANSWER -
autolysis
the powerhouse of the cell that helps in ATP production and storage –
ANSWER - mitochondrion
pg. 1
,2|Page
a porous double membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the
cytoplasm – ANSWER - nuclear envelope
a membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes primarily
responsible for detoxifying harmful substances – ANSWER -
peroxisome
a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals
that may contribute to cellular damage – ANSWER - reactive oxygen
species (ROS)
a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell's DNA –
ANSWER - mutation
the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits
that function in cellular movement and structural support – ANSWER -
microtubule
small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified
for movement of materials across the cellular surface – ANSWER - cilia
appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for
movement – ANSWER - flagellum
pg. 2
,3|Page
a small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for
microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division – ANSWER -
centriole
the thinnest of the cytoskeletal filaments; composed of actin subunits
that function in muscle contraction and cellular structural support –
ANSWER - microfilament
a type of cytoskeletal filament made of keratin, characterized by an
intermediate thickness, and playing a role in resisting cellular tension –
ANSWER - intermediate filament
a specific function of the plasma membrane that allows passage of
selected substances into and out of the cell – ANSWER - selective
permeability
the movement of substances across the membrane without the
expenditure of cellular energy – ANSWER - passive transport
the difference in concentration of a substance across a space – ANSWER
- concentration gradient
the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration – ANSWER - diffusion
pg. 3
, 4|Page
the diffusion process used for those substances that cannot cross the lipid
bilayer due to their size, charge, and/or polarity – ANSWER - facilitated
diffusion
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane – ANSWER -
osmosis
two solutions that have the same concentration of solutes – ANSWER -
isotonic
a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution
– ANSWER - hypertonic
a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution
– ANSWER - hypotonic
a process in which ATP is required to move a substance across a
membrane – ANSWER - active transport
transports sodium out of a cell while moving potassium into the cell –
ANSWER - sodium-potassium pump
difference in the electrical charge (potential) between two regions –
ANSWER - electrical gradient
pg. 4
WGU D312 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT 2 LATEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK| D312 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY I OA 2 WITH COMPLETE 300 REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
the cell organelle responsible for protein synthesis – ANSWER -
ribosome
a stack of small, flat sacs of membranes in the cytoplasm that prepare
protein and fat molecules – ANSWER - Golgi complex
membrane-bound cell organelles containing digestive enzymes that
disintegrate decayed cell parts and may also destroy viruses and bacteria
– ANSWER - lysosomes
lysosomal breakdown of a cell's own components – ANSWER -
autophagy
the breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action – ANSWER -
autolysis
the powerhouse of the cell that helps in ATP production and storage –
ANSWER - mitochondrion
pg. 1
,2|Page
a porous double membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the
cytoplasm – ANSWER - nuclear envelope
a membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes primarily
responsible for detoxifying harmful substances – ANSWER -
peroxisome
a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals
that may contribute to cellular damage – ANSWER - reactive oxygen
species (ROS)
a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell's DNA –
ANSWER - mutation
the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits
that function in cellular movement and structural support – ANSWER -
microtubule
small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified
for movement of materials across the cellular surface – ANSWER - cilia
appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for
movement – ANSWER - flagellum
pg. 2
,3|Page
a small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for
microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division – ANSWER -
centriole
the thinnest of the cytoskeletal filaments; composed of actin subunits
that function in muscle contraction and cellular structural support –
ANSWER - microfilament
a type of cytoskeletal filament made of keratin, characterized by an
intermediate thickness, and playing a role in resisting cellular tension –
ANSWER - intermediate filament
a specific function of the plasma membrane that allows passage of
selected substances into and out of the cell – ANSWER - selective
permeability
the movement of substances across the membrane without the
expenditure of cellular energy – ANSWER - passive transport
the difference in concentration of a substance across a space – ANSWER
- concentration gradient
the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration – ANSWER - diffusion
pg. 3
, 4|Page
the diffusion process used for those substances that cannot cross the lipid
bilayer due to their size, charge, and/or polarity – ANSWER - facilitated
diffusion
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane – ANSWER -
osmosis
two solutions that have the same concentration of solutes – ANSWER -
isotonic
a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution
– ANSWER - hypertonic
a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution
– ANSWER - hypotonic
a process in which ATP is required to move a substance across a
membrane – ANSWER - active transport
transports sodium out of a cell while moving potassium into the cell –
ANSWER - sodium-potassium pump
difference in the electrical charge (potential) between two regions –
ANSWER - electrical gradient
pg. 4
