BIOL 133 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The process of change in allele frequencies that occurs entirely from chance (changes
in gene frequencies that occur when small groups of individuals are reproductively
separated from a larger population) - Answer -genetic drift
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer -1. Ask a Question / Observation
2. Do Background Research
3. Construct a Hypothesis
4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
6. Report Your Results
Judging the rightness or wrongness of an act by characteristics of act itself - apart from
its consequences
(ex. "thou shalt not kill".. So euthanasia and abortion simply are not allowed) - Answer -
Deontological System
Judging the rightness or wrongness of an act on the basis of its consequences
(ex. The choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the choice that is
ethically correct - euthanasia and abortion are permitted under some guidelines) -
Answer -Utilitarian System
The expression of a gene (ex. Blue eyes, brown fur, striped fruit, yellow flowers, etc) -
Answer -phenotype
The genetic constitution of an individual organism - Answer -genotype
Allele that expresses itself when present in just one copy - Answer -dominant allele
Allele that is not expressed in the presence of the dominant allele - Answer -Recessive
allele
A condition in which two alleles for a trait are the same - Answer -Homozygous
A condition in which two alleles for a trait are different from each other - Answer -
Heterozygous
Contain two complete sets of genetic information; chromosomes exist as homologous
pairs - Answer -Diploid Cells
Contain one complete set of genetic information (egg and sperm) - Answer -Haploid
Cells
, Two chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that contain the
same gene sequence and pair with each other and undergo crossing over during
meiosis - Answer -Homologous Chromosomes
Chart of 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans; size order display - Answer -Karyotype
The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans - Answer -sex chromosomes
During this stage of meiosis, chromosomes shorten and thick, the nuclear membrane
breaks down, homologous chromosomes align closely and synapse and undergo
crossing-over - Answer -Prophase 1
When do chromosomes undergo crossing over? - Answer -Prophase 1 of Meiosis 1
When the locus for a gene for a particular trait or disease lies on the X chromosome, the
disease is said to be _________? - Answer -X-linked
When the locus for a gene for a particular trait or disease lies on the Y chromosome, the
disease is said to be ______? - Answer -Y-linked
When the locus for a gene for a particular trait or disease lies on the sex chromosomes?
- Answer -Sex linked genetic traits (x-linked; y-linked)
Molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning
of all known living organisms and many viruses - Answer -Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What molecule guides the cell (along RNA) in making new proteins that determine our
biological traits? - Answer -DNA
DNA is a what? - Answer -Polymer
What does each nucleotide of DNA consist of? - Answer -5-carbon sugar
(deoxyribose), a nitrogen containing base, and a phosphate group
What are the purine (double ringed structures) nitrogen bases? - Answer -Adenine and
Guanine
What are the pyrimidine (single-ringed structures) nitrogen bases? - Answer -Cytosine
and Thymine
What does adenine pair with? - Answer -Thymine
What does cytosine pair with? - Answer -Guanine
Enzyme binds to a DNA strand at the beginning of a gene. Then the enzyme unwinds a
portion of the double helix, separating the strands locally. RNA nucleotides pair one at a
The process of change in allele frequencies that occurs entirely from chance (changes
in gene frequencies that occur when small groups of individuals are reproductively
separated from a larger population) - Answer -genetic drift
What are the steps of the scientific method? - Answer -1. Ask a Question / Observation
2. Do Background Research
3. Construct a Hypothesis
4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
6. Report Your Results
Judging the rightness or wrongness of an act by characteristics of act itself - apart from
its consequences
(ex. "thou shalt not kill".. So euthanasia and abortion simply are not allowed) - Answer -
Deontological System
Judging the rightness or wrongness of an act on the basis of its consequences
(ex. The choice that yields the greatest benefit to the most people is the choice that is
ethically correct - euthanasia and abortion are permitted under some guidelines) -
Answer -Utilitarian System
The expression of a gene (ex. Blue eyes, brown fur, striped fruit, yellow flowers, etc) -
Answer -phenotype
The genetic constitution of an individual organism - Answer -genotype
Allele that expresses itself when present in just one copy - Answer -dominant allele
Allele that is not expressed in the presence of the dominant allele - Answer -Recessive
allele
A condition in which two alleles for a trait are the same - Answer -Homozygous
A condition in which two alleles for a trait are different from each other - Answer -
Heterozygous
Contain two complete sets of genetic information; chromosomes exist as homologous
pairs - Answer -Diploid Cells
Contain one complete set of genetic information (egg and sperm) - Answer -Haploid
Cells
, Two chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that contain the
same gene sequence and pair with each other and undergo crossing over during
meiosis - Answer -Homologous Chromosomes
Chart of 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans; size order display - Answer -Karyotype
The 23rd pair of chromosomes in humans - Answer -sex chromosomes
During this stage of meiosis, chromosomes shorten and thick, the nuclear membrane
breaks down, homologous chromosomes align closely and synapse and undergo
crossing-over - Answer -Prophase 1
When do chromosomes undergo crossing over? - Answer -Prophase 1 of Meiosis 1
When the locus for a gene for a particular trait or disease lies on the X chromosome, the
disease is said to be _________? - Answer -X-linked
When the locus for a gene for a particular trait or disease lies on the Y chromosome, the
disease is said to be ______? - Answer -Y-linked
When the locus for a gene for a particular trait or disease lies on the sex chromosomes?
- Answer -Sex linked genetic traits (x-linked; y-linked)
Molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning
of all known living organisms and many viruses - Answer -Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What molecule guides the cell (along RNA) in making new proteins that determine our
biological traits? - Answer -DNA
DNA is a what? - Answer -Polymer
What does each nucleotide of DNA consist of? - Answer -5-carbon sugar
(deoxyribose), a nitrogen containing base, and a phosphate group
What are the purine (double ringed structures) nitrogen bases? - Answer -Adenine and
Guanine
What are the pyrimidine (single-ringed structures) nitrogen bases? - Answer -Cytosine
and Thymine
What does adenine pair with? - Answer -Thymine
What does cytosine pair with? - Answer -Guanine
Enzyme binds to a DNA strand at the beginning of a gene. Then the enzyme unwinds a
portion of the double helix, separating the strands locally. RNA nucleotides pair one at a
