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semilunar valves pulmonary and aortic
systole
closure of
S1
AV valves
mitral
regurgitatio
n aortic
stenosis
diastole
closure of
S2
semilunar valves
mitral stenosis
aortic regurgitation
normal variant in children, healthy young
S3 adults, and athletes heart failure
early diastole
left ventricle
S4
hypertrophy late
diastole
no changes to penis,
Tanner Stages Males: II
testes enlarge Pubic
hair is sparse and
straight
penis lengthens
Tanner Stages Males: III
hair darker and starts to curl
penis increases in length
Tanner Stages Males: IV
and width hair coarse,
not yet on medial thigh
, breast buds
Tanner Stages Females: II
pubic hair sparse and straight
breast tissue and areola in
Tanner Stages Females: III
one mound hair darker,
starts to curl
areola separates and forms a
Tanner Stages Females: IV
secondary mound hair coarse,
not on medial thigh yet
Toxoplasmosis Other
Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes
TORCH infections
OA: stiffness, heberden's nodes,
osteoarthritis vs rheomatoid
arthritis increase age, overuse, family
history
RA: relies more on labs,
increased ESR, Bouchard's nodes,
fatigue, fever, body aches
instability of the knee
mediolateral and anteroposterior
drawer test
plane torn or ruptured ligament
just above pubic bone
fundal height 12 weeks
level of umbilicus
fundal height 20 weeks
number of weeks gestation +/- 2
fundal height 20-35 weeks
cm
loss of ability to perform
apraxia
purposeful movements in the
absence of sensory or motor
damage
, amenorrhea, new onset of vaginal spotting, left adnexal
ectopic pregnancy
tenderness, and cervical motion tenderness
hereditary, RBC break down, hemolysis
G6PD anemia Meds that can trigger: antimalarial drugs, aspirin,
nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, quinidine, quinine, sulfa
a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes
Pheochromocytoma the gland to produce excess epinephrine and
norepinephrine
these hormones control heart rate, metabolism, and blood
pressure
Perihepatic inflammation & fibrosis;
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Complication of Chlamydia and pelvic
inflammatory disease Sharp pain in
RUQ
Bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due
subconjunctival
to ruptured blood vessels Risk factors: DM,
hemorrhage risk
HTN, coughing, sneezing, blood thinners, aspirin,
factors
ginkgo Benign, will spontaneously resolve
Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching
atopic dermatitis
from allergies and irritants. linear
Rubeola (measles)
Koplik spots
small white papules inside the cheeks by rear molars
syphilis
treponema
painless chancre, maculopapular rash on palms and
pallidum
soles, lymphadenopathy, condyloma acata
symptoms
hCG is produced by placenta after implantation
majority of AFP is produced fetal liver
by
Inevitable abortion bleeding and cramping/pain with cervical dilation but no passage
of tissue
moderate to diffuse vaginal bleeding, passage of tissue,
incomplete abortion
painful uterine cramping or contractions
contraindicated
MMR and pregnancy
wait 4 weeks before becoming pregnant
Positive signs of pregnancy ultrasound, auscultation of fetal HR with doppler
detected by examiner
Probable signs of pregnancy
blood and urine tests, Chadwick's sign, Goodell's sign, Hegar's
sign, enlarged uterus
, felt by woman
Presumptive signs of amenorrhea, nausea, breast tenderness, deepening
pregnancy pigmentation, urinary frequency, quickening, fatigue
testing HPV lesions will turn white with application of acetic acid
OCD treatment SSRI
first step for dementia history from family and friends
assessment
Phalen maneuver Tests carpel tunnel syndrome, pinches median nerve
chronic cough causes postnasal drip, asthma, GERD, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis,
allergic rhinitis
Aspirin effect on platelets irreversible, can last 15-20 days
Chromolyn sodium inhaler prevent symptoms of asthma
acute abdomen
Rovsign's sign
palpate deep LLQ, referred pain to RLQ
caused by compression of lumbar, sacral, or
coccygeal nerve roots loss of bladder and
cauda equina bowel control
paralysis/numbness of legs
cause: disc herniation. abscess,
tumor, inflammation order MRI
premature separation of the placenta from the
placenta abruptio
wall of the uterus bright red vaginal bleeding,
board-like uterus on palpation, pain
Flu-like syndrome (fever, chills, headache, myalgia)
after antibiotics are started; due to killed bacteria
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (usually spirochetes) releasing endotoxins.
Treatment of syphilis, first 24 hours
headache, myalgias, rigors, sweating, hypotension,
worsening of rash spontaneously resolves in 12-24
hours
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a
coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta blood pressure higher in
arms than legs
improper closure of the
mitral valve prolapse mitral valve late systolic
murmur in the apical
area mid-systolic click