This document includes 50+ fully answered questions from Theology Test 2 for the 2025/2026 academic year, focusing on the New Testament, Second Temple Judaism, and the literary structure of the Gospels. The content reflects advanced understanding of scriptural development, early Jewish sects, and theological interpretations of Jesus’ identity. It’s designed to help students excel in mid-level theology or biblical studies exams. Key covered topics include: Second Temple Jewish context: Zoroastrianism, Dualism, Maccabees, Hasmoneans, Herod, Josephus Jewish sects: Pharisees (teachers of law), Sadducees (priestly aristocracy), Essenes (apocalyptic desert community) Gospel analysis & literary methods: Redaction criticism (authorial editing of sources), typology, bracketing/sandwiching of stories (especially in Mark), and the Synoptic Problem (Mark, Matthew, Luke) Quelle (Q) source, Aramaic influence, mixed church themes in Matthew Christology & theological themes: High vs. Low Christology – presentation of Jesus in control vs. human suffering servant Messianic Secret in Mark – Jesus concealing his identity from different groups Failure of the Disciples – narrative focus on misunderstanding and human weakness Jesus as Suffering Messiah – especially in Mark’s structure (chapters 8–10) focusing on lowly service Delayed Parousia (Second Coming) – early church’s theological adaptation to delay of Christ’s return This document is ideal for students enrolled in: Biblical Theology and New Testament Studies Christian Origins and Second Temple Judaism Seminary courses in Christology or Gospel exegesis Ministry or Religious Education programs Its exam-focused format ensures clarity and retention of complex theological and historical content while grounding scriptural themes in scholarly analysis. Keywords: pharisees, sadducees, essenes, synoptic gospels, redaction criticism, christology, suffering messiah, messianic secret, parousia, gospel of mark, sandwiching, Q source, Aramaic, typology, second temple, dualism, josephus, discipleship, bracketing, Matthew’s church
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