PORTAGE NUR 251 - PHARMACOLOGY -
TEST 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Pharmacology - ANS Study of chemicals that alter the function of living organisms.
Drugs can be used to: - ANS 1. Prevent disease
2. Diagnose Disease
3. Cure disease
4. Treat symptoms of disease
Drugs have many different effects on the body including - ANS (1) Therapeutic effects
(2) Side effects
(3) Adverse effects
(4) Toxic effects
Therapeutic effect - ANS desired drug effect to alleviate some condition of symptom
Side effects - ANS any effect other than the therapeutic effect that are usually undesirable
but not harmful
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Adverse effect - ANS general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect
Toxic effects - ANS undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be very harmful
or life-threatening
Mechanism of action - ANS How a drug produces its effects
targeted sit of action - ANS the location within the body where a drug exerts its therapeutic
effect, often a specific drug receptor
Receptors - ANS specific cellular structures that a drug binds to in order to produce a
physiologic effect
Agonist receptor - ANS works to activate a physiologic response or drug effect
Antagonist receptor - ANS works to interfere with other drugs or substances from producing
a drug-effect
Dose-dependent relationship - ANS basic principle of pharmacology which states that the
response to any drug depends on the amount of drug given
Onset of action - ANS the time from the drug administration to the first observable effect
Duration of action - ANS the length of time that the drug continues to produce its effect
Drug Names include - ANS 1. Chemical Name
2. Describe the chemical composition and molecular structure
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,3. Generic name - nonproprietary name
4. Trade name - Owned by the producing company.
Classification of drugs based on similarities of properties - ANS 1. Structure - e.g. beta
blockers
2. Use - e.g. antibiotics
Aqueous Preparations - ANS syrups - a solution of water and sugar to which a drug is added
Tablets - ANS drug powders that have been compressed into convenient form for swallowing.
disintegrates in stomach more rapidly than most other solid preparations
Troches and lozenges - ANS flattened tablets that are allowed to dissolve in the mouth
Capsules - ANS Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication
Delayed-release Products - ANS Tablets or capsules that are treated with a special coating
designed so that the drug produces its effect over an extended time
Enteric Coated Products - ANS Tablets that are coated with an acid-resistant substance to
prevent dissolution in the stomach
Suppositories - ANS Drugs mixed with a substance that will melt at body temperature when
inserted into the rectum, urethra, or vag
Ointments - ANS soft oily substances containing a drug that is applied to the skin
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Transdermal patch - ANS the drug is released from a bandage or patch and then is absorbed
through the skin into the blood stream providing continuous source of drug over 24 hours
Routes of Administration - ANS The ways used to get a drug into the tissues of the body,
where they can produce their effects. The two main routes are oral and parenteral.
Oral administration - ANS route of drug administration by way of the mouth through
swallowing
Parenteral administration - ANS route of drug administration that does not involve the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Routes of Drug Administration - ANS
Phases of drug activity - ANS (1) Pharmaceutical Phase - administration of dosage form,
dissolution of drug into body
(2) Pharmacokinetic Phase - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
(3) Pharmacodynamic Phase - drug receptor interaction
Pharmaceutics - ANS Study of how various dosage forms influence how the drug effects the
body.
Dissolution - ANS When taken, how does it appear in the digestive tract.
Pharmakinetics - ANS Study of what the body does to the drug.
1. What happens to the drug when it is taken.
2. Depends on how long drug is in the system.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
TEST 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Pharmacology - ANS Study of chemicals that alter the function of living organisms.
Drugs can be used to: - ANS 1. Prevent disease
2. Diagnose Disease
3. Cure disease
4. Treat symptoms of disease
Drugs have many different effects on the body including - ANS (1) Therapeutic effects
(2) Side effects
(3) Adverse effects
(4) Toxic effects
Therapeutic effect - ANS desired drug effect to alleviate some condition of symptom
Side effects - ANS any effect other than the therapeutic effect that are usually undesirable
but not harmful
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Adverse effect - ANS general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect
Toxic effects - ANS undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be very harmful
or life-threatening
Mechanism of action - ANS How a drug produces its effects
targeted sit of action - ANS the location within the body where a drug exerts its therapeutic
effect, often a specific drug receptor
Receptors - ANS specific cellular structures that a drug binds to in order to produce a
physiologic effect
Agonist receptor - ANS works to activate a physiologic response or drug effect
Antagonist receptor - ANS works to interfere with other drugs or substances from producing
a drug-effect
Dose-dependent relationship - ANS basic principle of pharmacology which states that the
response to any drug depends on the amount of drug given
Onset of action - ANS the time from the drug administration to the first observable effect
Duration of action - ANS the length of time that the drug continues to produce its effect
Drug Names include - ANS 1. Chemical Name
2. Describe the chemical composition and molecular structure
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,3. Generic name - nonproprietary name
4. Trade name - Owned by the producing company.
Classification of drugs based on similarities of properties - ANS 1. Structure - e.g. beta
blockers
2. Use - e.g. antibiotics
Aqueous Preparations - ANS syrups - a solution of water and sugar to which a drug is added
Tablets - ANS drug powders that have been compressed into convenient form for swallowing.
disintegrates in stomach more rapidly than most other solid preparations
Troches and lozenges - ANS flattened tablets that are allowed to dissolve in the mouth
Capsules - ANS Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication
Delayed-release Products - ANS Tablets or capsules that are treated with a special coating
designed so that the drug produces its effect over an extended time
Enteric Coated Products - ANS Tablets that are coated with an acid-resistant substance to
prevent dissolution in the stomach
Suppositories - ANS Drugs mixed with a substance that will melt at body temperature when
inserted into the rectum, urethra, or vag
Ointments - ANS soft oily substances containing a drug that is applied to the skin
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Transdermal patch - ANS the drug is released from a bandage or patch and then is absorbed
through the skin into the blood stream providing continuous source of drug over 24 hours
Routes of Administration - ANS The ways used to get a drug into the tissues of the body,
where they can produce their effects. The two main routes are oral and parenteral.
Oral administration - ANS route of drug administration by way of the mouth through
swallowing
Parenteral administration - ANS route of drug administration that does not involve the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Routes of Drug Administration - ANS
Phases of drug activity - ANS (1) Pharmaceutical Phase - administration of dosage form,
dissolution of drug into body
(2) Pharmacokinetic Phase - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
(3) Pharmacodynamic Phase - drug receptor interaction
Pharmaceutics - ANS Study of how various dosage forms influence how the drug effects the
body.
Dissolution - ANS When taken, how does it appear in the digestive tract.
Pharmakinetics - ANS Study of what the body does to the drug.
1. What happens to the drug when it is taken.
2. Depends on how long drug is in the system.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
