BIOL 1201 – 80 Multiple Choice Questions on Operons, Gene Expression, Viruses & Cell Signaling – 2025 – Louisiana State University

This document contains 80 expertly verified multiple-choice questions with answers for BIOL 1201 Exam 4 at Louisiana State University, designed for the 2025 academic session. It provides comprehensive coverage of molecular genetics and cell communication topics essential for exam preparation and concept mastery. The content begins with gene regulation mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including operon models like the trp and lac operons, the roles of inducers, repressors, and corepressors, and the function of transcription factors, enhancers, and silencers. Further emphasis is placed on epigenetic regulation through DNA methylation and histone modification, post-transcriptional control such as splicing and mRNA degradation, and key developmental concepts like differential gene expression and cell differentiation. The virology section includes detailed questions on viral structure, replication cycles (lytic and lysogenic), retroviruses (e.g., HIV), host range, RNA virus mutation rates, and reverse transcriptase function. Students are also tested on genomic concepts including genome mapping techniques, gene duplication, exon shuffling, transposons, retrotransposons, and bioinformatics. The document concludes with in-depth questions on cell signaling mechanisms, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), protein kinases, phosphorylation cascades, second messengers (like cAMP), paracrine and synaptic signaling, and the hormone-response pathways involving steroid hormones. This study resource is ideal for undergraduate students in life sciences who are preparing for final exams or standardized tests in molecular biology, genetics, or biotechnology. Relevant for: – Students in Molecular Biology, Genetics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Biomedical Sciences, Pre-Med – Courses such as General Biology II, Molecular Cell Biology, Gene Regulation, and Cell Communication Keywords: operon, lac operon, trp operon, gene expression, transcription factors, DNA methylation, histone acetylation, epigenetics, mRNA splicing, RNA stability, inducible operon, repressible operon, retrovirus, HIV, lytic cycle, lysogenic cycle, reverse transcriptase, RNA virus, genome mapping, linkage map, physical map, exon shuffling, transposon, retrotransposon, bioinformatics, cell signaling, GPCR, tyrosine kinase, protein kinase, second messenger, phosphorylation cascade, cAMP, paracrine signaling, synaptic signaling, hormone signaling, LSU