AND 100% CORRECT WELL DETAILED
Describing FHR - ANSWER 1) Baseline
2) Variability
3) Presence of accels
4) Presence of decels
5) Changes in trends overtime
Baseline FHR - ANSWER Average FHR rounded to nearest 5 during a 10 min window
-110 to 160
-excludes accels, decels, & marked variability
-must have 2 mins to identify as a baseline (doesn't need to be continuous)
Fetal tachycardia - ANSWER >160 for ≥10 min
-causes: fetal anemia, maternal fever or infection, fetal immaturity (preterm), SVT, maternal
anxiety, dehydration, hyperthyroid, hypoxia
-med causes: terbutaline, catecholamines
Fetal bradycardia - ANSWER <110 for ≥10 min
-causes: hypotension (ex: after epi), cord prolapse, head compression, congenital defect,
rapid descent, abruption or rupture, tachysystole, post dates, hypoglycemia, lupus (heart
block)
Variability - ANSWER Irregular in amplitude & frequency, quantified by peak to trough
1
, -Less in preterm, undeveloped CNS
-Absent: undetectable, flat
-Minimal: ≤5 bpm but detectable
-Moderate: 6-25 bpm
-Marked: >25 bpm (indeterminate baseline), significance unknown
Minimal variability - ANSWER Sleep, sedated, or sick
-Sleep cycle: 20-60 mins
-Sedated: CNS depressant (ex: mag), 1-2 hrs
-Sick (acidemia): unresolved w intervention
-Priority: maximize oxygenation (position, bolus, O2)
Moderate variability - ANSWER Indicates the absence of metabolic acidosis and
adequate oxygenation
(even w decels, look at variability to predict outcome)
Accelerations - ANSWER Indicates normal fetal acid base balance (absence does not
reliably predict acidosis)
-Onset to peak in <30 sec
-For ≥32 wks: 15x15 (peak ≥15 bpm above baseline lasting ≥15 sec)
-For <32 wks: 10x10
-Prolonged accel: 2-9 mins (at 10 becomes change of baseline)
Extrinsic influences of fetal wellbeing - ANSWER Outside of the fetus' body, can be
affected with intervention
-Placenta
-Utero placental circulation
-Fetal placental circulation
2
Describing FHR - ANSWER 1) Baseline
2) Variability
3) Presence of accels
4) Presence of decels
5) Changes in trends overtime
Baseline FHR - ANSWER Average FHR rounded to nearest 5 during a 10 min window
-110 to 160
-excludes accels, decels, & marked variability
-must have 2 mins to identify as a baseline (doesn't need to be continuous)
Fetal tachycardia - ANSWER >160 for ≥10 min
-causes: fetal anemia, maternal fever or infection, fetal immaturity (preterm), SVT, maternal
anxiety, dehydration, hyperthyroid, hypoxia
-med causes: terbutaline, catecholamines
Fetal bradycardia - ANSWER <110 for ≥10 min
-causes: hypotension (ex: after epi), cord prolapse, head compression, congenital defect,
rapid descent, abruption or rupture, tachysystole, post dates, hypoglycemia, lupus (heart
block)
Variability - ANSWER Irregular in amplitude & frequency, quantified by peak to trough
1
, -Less in preterm, undeveloped CNS
-Absent: undetectable, flat
-Minimal: ≤5 bpm but detectable
-Moderate: 6-25 bpm
-Marked: >25 bpm (indeterminate baseline), significance unknown
Minimal variability - ANSWER Sleep, sedated, or sick
-Sleep cycle: 20-60 mins
-Sedated: CNS depressant (ex: mag), 1-2 hrs
-Sick (acidemia): unresolved w intervention
-Priority: maximize oxygenation (position, bolus, O2)
Moderate variability - ANSWER Indicates the absence of metabolic acidosis and
adequate oxygenation
(even w decels, look at variability to predict outcome)
Accelerations - ANSWER Indicates normal fetal acid base balance (absence does not
reliably predict acidosis)
-Onset to peak in <30 sec
-For ≥32 wks: 15x15 (peak ≥15 bpm above baseline lasting ≥15 sec)
-For <32 wks: 10x10
-Prolonged accel: 2-9 mins (at 10 becomes change of baseline)
Extrinsic influences of fetal wellbeing - ANSWER Outside of the fetus' body, can be
affected with intervention
-Placenta
-Utero placental circulation
-Fetal placental circulation
2
