Med-Surg HESI Evolve – Practice
Questions and Answers (Comprehensive
Exam Preparation Resource)
Introduction:
This document contains a complete collection of Medical-
Surgical HESI practice questions with detailed, step-by-step
rationales for every answer. It covers a wide range of Med-
Surg topics including endocrine disorders, respiratory
function, cardiac conditions, renal physiology, gastrointestinal
issues, wound healing, immune responses, and more. It is
designed to support students preparing for HESI exams by
providing clear explanations that reinforce critical nursing
concepts and clinical reasoning.
Exam Questions and Answers:
1. Which hormone synthesis does the nurse state is inhibited
by hypokalemia?
Aldosterone Somatostatin Norepinephrine
Androstenedione-Answers:- Aldosterone
Hypokalemia inhibits synthesis of aldosterone hormone.
Somatostatin inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Norepinephrine
also inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Androstenedione
secretion may not be inhibited by hypokalemia.
,2. A client suspected to have hyperpituitarism is sent by the
primary healthcare provider to undergo a suppression test.
Which laboratory value would indicate a positive result?
3 ng/mL
4 ng/mL
5 ng/mL
6 ng/mL-Answers:- 6 ng/mL
When the growth hormone level in a suppression test is above
5 ng/mL, this indicates a positive result, which means the
client is suttering from hyperpituitarism. Therefore, 6 ng/mL
indicates a positive suppression test. When growth hormone
level falls below 5 ng/mL, this indicates a negative result,
which means the client is not suttering with
hyperpituitarism. Therefore, 3 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL, and 5 ng/mL
indicate negative results, and the client does not have
hyperpituitarism.
3. A nurse is providing postoperative care for a client one
hour after an adrena- lectomy. Maintenance steroid therapy
,has not begun yet. The nurse should monitor the client for
which complication?
Hypotension Hyperglycemia Sodium retention
Potassium excretion-Answers:- Hypotension
Because of instability of the vascular system and the lability of
circulating adrenal hormones after an adrenalectomy,
hypotension frequently occurs until the hormonal level is
controlled by replacement therapy. Hyperglycemia is a sign of
excessive adrenal hormones; after an adrenalectomy, adrenal
hormones are not secreted. Sodium retention is a sign of
hyperadrenalism; it does not occur after the adrenals are
removed. Potassium excretion is a response to excessive
adrenal hormones; after an adrenalectomy is performed,
adrenal hormones are lowered until replacement therapy is
regulated.
4. Which drug can cause diabetes insipidus?
Cabergoline Metyrapone Demeclocycline
Aminoglutethimide-Answers:- Demeclocycline
Prolonged administration of demeclocycline may cause
diabetes insipidus, as this drug decreases the production of
antidiuretic hormone by the kidneys. Cabergoline inhibits the
release of growth hormone and prolactin by stimulating
dopamine receptors in the brain. Metyrapone and
aminoglutethimide decrease cortisol production.
, 5. Which hormonal deficiency reduces the growth of axillae
and pubic hair in female clients?
Growth hormone Antidiuretic hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone-Answers:- Adrenocorticotropic
hormone
An adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency causes a reduced
growth of axial and pubic hair in women. A growth hormone
deficiency causes decreased muscle strength and decreased
bone density. An antidiuretic hormone deficiency causes
excessive urine output and a low urine specific gravity. A
thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency results in hirsutism
and menstrual abnormalities.
6. While obtaining the client's health history, which factor
does the nurse identify that predisposes the client to type 2
diabetes?
Having diabetes insipidus Eating low-cholesterol foods
Being 20 pounds (9 kilograms) overweight
Drinking a daily alcoholic beverage-Answers:- Being 20
pounds (9 kilograms) overweight
Questions and Answers (Comprehensive
Exam Preparation Resource)
Introduction:
This document contains a complete collection of Medical-
Surgical HESI practice questions with detailed, step-by-step
rationales for every answer. It covers a wide range of Med-
Surg topics including endocrine disorders, respiratory
function, cardiac conditions, renal physiology, gastrointestinal
issues, wound healing, immune responses, and more. It is
designed to support students preparing for HESI exams by
providing clear explanations that reinforce critical nursing
concepts and clinical reasoning.
Exam Questions and Answers:
1. Which hormone synthesis does the nurse state is inhibited
by hypokalemia?
Aldosterone Somatostatin Norepinephrine
Androstenedione-Answers:- Aldosterone
Hypokalemia inhibits synthesis of aldosterone hormone.
Somatostatin inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Norepinephrine
also inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Androstenedione
secretion may not be inhibited by hypokalemia.
,2. A client suspected to have hyperpituitarism is sent by the
primary healthcare provider to undergo a suppression test.
Which laboratory value would indicate a positive result?
3 ng/mL
4 ng/mL
5 ng/mL
6 ng/mL-Answers:- 6 ng/mL
When the growth hormone level in a suppression test is above
5 ng/mL, this indicates a positive result, which means the
client is suttering from hyperpituitarism. Therefore, 6 ng/mL
indicates a positive suppression test. When growth hormone
level falls below 5 ng/mL, this indicates a negative result,
which means the client is not suttering with
hyperpituitarism. Therefore, 3 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL, and 5 ng/mL
indicate negative results, and the client does not have
hyperpituitarism.
3. A nurse is providing postoperative care for a client one
hour after an adrena- lectomy. Maintenance steroid therapy
,has not begun yet. The nurse should monitor the client for
which complication?
Hypotension Hyperglycemia Sodium retention
Potassium excretion-Answers:- Hypotension
Because of instability of the vascular system and the lability of
circulating adrenal hormones after an adrenalectomy,
hypotension frequently occurs until the hormonal level is
controlled by replacement therapy. Hyperglycemia is a sign of
excessive adrenal hormones; after an adrenalectomy, adrenal
hormones are not secreted. Sodium retention is a sign of
hyperadrenalism; it does not occur after the adrenals are
removed. Potassium excretion is a response to excessive
adrenal hormones; after an adrenalectomy is performed,
adrenal hormones are lowered until replacement therapy is
regulated.
4. Which drug can cause diabetes insipidus?
Cabergoline Metyrapone Demeclocycline
Aminoglutethimide-Answers:- Demeclocycline
Prolonged administration of demeclocycline may cause
diabetes insipidus, as this drug decreases the production of
antidiuretic hormone by the kidneys. Cabergoline inhibits the
release of growth hormone and prolactin by stimulating
dopamine receptors in the brain. Metyrapone and
aminoglutethimide decrease cortisol production.
, 5. Which hormonal deficiency reduces the growth of axillae
and pubic hair in female clients?
Growth hormone Antidiuretic hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone-Answers:- Adrenocorticotropic
hormone
An adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency causes a reduced
growth of axial and pubic hair in women. A growth hormone
deficiency causes decreased muscle strength and decreased
bone density. An antidiuretic hormone deficiency causes
excessive urine output and a low urine specific gravity. A
thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency results in hirsutism
and menstrual abnormalities.
6. While obtaining the client's health history, which factor
does the nurse identify that predisposes the client to type 2
diabetes?
Having diabetes insipidus Eating low-cholesterol foods
Being 20 pounds (9 kilograms) overweight
Drinking a daily alcoholic beverage-Answers:- Being 20
pounds (9 kilograms) overweight
