Molecular & Cellular Biology Final
Exam Review Questions With 100%
Correct and Verified Answers 2025-
2026 Edition.
Which statement best defines a scientific theory? - Answer A scientific theory is a concept
heavily supported by scientific evidence and facts.
What experiment did Louis Pasteur perform to disprove the spontaneous generation theory? -
Answer He used swan neck flasks filled with sterile broth to prove life did not spontaneously
occur.
Which of the Domains of Life DO NOT have a membrane bound nucleus? - Answer Bacteria
and Archaea
Which component(s) of an atom contribute(s) to the atomic number of an atom? - Answer
Protons
Carbon has an atomic number of 6, so it has ______ electrons in the outermost shell. - Answer
4
Can a hydrogen bond form between the circled atoms in these two molecules? - Answer No
The adhesive property of water, in which molecules of water are attracted to one another,
accounts for the movement of water to the tops of trees. Which type of bonding is responsible
for the attraction between the water molecules? - Answer Hydrogen bonds between the
water molecules.
Nucleotides are monomers found in which macromolecule? - Answer DNA and RNA
Hydrolysis of a ____________ bond would result in the degradation of a protein. - Answer
Peptide
In Griffith's experiment which of the following did NOT happen? - Answer Injecting mice with
,The genes for __________ are transcribed but never translated. - Answer Transfer RNA and
ribosomal RNA
Which post-transcriptional modification acts as the ribosome binding site in eukaryotes? -
Answer The 5' CAP
Which statement about translation is FALSE? - Answer In bacteria, a completely different
genetic code is used to translate the mRNA.
Which of the following is the role of the translation initiation factors? - Answer Translation
initiation factors help recruit the ribosome to the mRNA and guide the initiation complex to the
AUG start codon.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about translation elongation? - Answer
Elongating ribosome complexes can be found in the nucleus.
The transport of molecules through a protein embedded channel, from an area of high
concentration across the plasma membrane to an area of low concentration is called ________.
- Answer Facilitated diffusion
Which of the following is a similarity shared between bacteria and mammalian cells? - Answer
Both mammalian and bacteria cells have a genome composed of nucleic acids
Which of the following would be expected to increase the fluidity of a membrane? - Answer
A decrease in phospholipid fatty acid chain length and a decrease in chain saturation
Which of the following could most likely be considered an integral protein? - Answer A
protein that is responsible for transporting glucose across the cell membrane.
A cell has an internal concentration of 5% salt. If placed in a solution containing 12% salt, what
will happen to the cell? - Answer Water will move out of the cell causing it to shrivel.
________ are the most heterogenous types of cytoskeleton, composed of a variety of proteins. -
Answer Intermediate filaments
, ________ is a protein that bind cells to the extracellular matrix - Answer Integrin
Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane were originally translated ________ - Answer
By ribosomes embedded in the rough ER.
Proteins destined for the mitochondria _________. - Answer Contain an N-terminal signal
sequence and are translated by free ribosomes in the cytosol.
If a ligand is not being produced, what step of signaling would be directly affected? - Answer
Reception
The signaling type by which a ligand travels through simply diffusion is: - Answer Paracrine
One of the early experiments that identified ligands, specifically growth factors, caused an
increase in cell division in fibroblast cultures that traditionally were slow to divide. What did
they discover worked the best to stimulate division? - Answer Serum that was collected after
the blood was allowed to clot
How can you have a cell be a paracrine signaler but not an autocrine signaler? - Answer It
does not have the specific receptor for the ligand it is releasing
Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to G-coupled protein receptors? - Answer
Upon ligand binding the GCPR will activate a G protein which will exchange GDP to GTP
A new poison prevents signal transduction by preventing the dimerization of receptors. What is
the most likely receptor type affected? - Answer Receptor kinase
What properties do receptor kinases NOT typically have? - Answer They tend to be short-
lasting signals
What is true of cell signal amplification? - Answer A single ligand can cause the activation of
many proteins
Intracellular receptors tend to result in shorter-term responses than cell-membrane receptors -
Answer False
Exam Review Questions With 100%
Correct and Verified Answers 2025-
2026 Edition.
Which statement best defines a scientific theory? - Answer A scientific theory is a concept
heavily supported by scientific evidence and facts.
What experiment did Louis Pasteur perform to disprove the spontaneous generation theory? -
Answer He used swan neck flasks filled with sterile broth to prove life did not spontaneously
occur.
Which of the Domains of Life DO NOT have a membrane bound nucleus? - Answer Bacteria
and Archaea
Which component(s) of an atom contribute(s) to the atomic number of an atom? - Answer
Protons
Carbon has an atomic number of 6, so it has ______ electrons in the outermost shell. - Answer
4
Can a hydrogen bond form between the circled atoms in these two molecules? - Answer No
The adhesive property of water, in which molecules of water are attracted to one another,
accounts for the movement of water to the tops of trees. Which type of bonding is responsible
for the attraction between the water molecules? - Answer Hydrogen bonds between the
water molecules.
Nucleotides are monomers found in which macromolecule? - Answer DNA and RNA
Hydrolysis of a ____________ bond would result in the degradation of a protein. - Answer
Peptide
In Griffith's experiment which of the following did NOT happen? - Answer Injecting mice with
,The genes for __________ are transcribed but never translated. - Answer Transfer RNA and
ribosomal RNA
Which post-transcriptional modification acts as the ribosome binding site in eukaryotes? -
Answer The 5' CAP
Which statement about translation is FALSE? - Answer In bacteria, a completely different
genetic code is used to translate the mRNA.
Which of the following is the role of the translation initiation factors? - Answer Translation
initiation factors help recruit the ribosome to the mRNA and guide the initiation complex to the
AUG start codon.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about translation elongation? - Answer
Elongating ribosome complexes can be found in the nucleus.
The transport of molecules through a protein embedded channel, from an area of high
concentration across the plasma membrane to an area of low concentration is called ________.
- Answer Facilitated diffusion
Which of the following is a similarity shared between bacteria and mammalian cells? - Answer
Both mammalian and bacteria cells have a genome composed of nucleic acids
Which of the following would be expected to increase the fluidity of a membrane? - Answer
A decrease in phospholipid fatty acid chain length and a decrease in chain saturation
Which of the following could most likely be considered an integral protein? - Answer A
protein that is responsible for transporting glucose across the cell membrane.
A cell has an internal concentration of 5% salt. If placed in a solution containing 12% salt, what
will happen to the cell? - Answer Water will move out of the cell causing it to shrivel.
________ are the most heterogenous types of cytoskeleton, composed of a variety of proteins. -
Answer Intermediate filaments
, ________ is a protein that bind cells to the extracellular matrix - Answer Integrin
Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane were originally translated ________ - Answer
By ribosomes embedded in the rough ER.
Proteins destined for the mitochondria _________. - Answer Contain an N-terminal signal
sequence and are translated by free ribosomes in the cytosol.
If a ligand is not being produced, what step of signaling would be directly affected? - Answer
Reception
The signaling type by which a ligand travels through simply diffusion is: - Answer Paracrine
One of the early experiments that identified ligands, specifically growth factors, caused an
increase in cell division in fibroblast cultures that traditionally were slow to divide. What did
they discover worked the best to stimulate division? - Answer Serum that was collected after
the blood was allowed to clot
How can you have a cell be a paracrine signaler but not an autocrine signaler? - Answer It
does not have the specific receptor for the ligand it is releasing
Which of the following statements is TRUE in regards to G-coupled protein receptors? - Answer
Upon ligand binding the GCPR will activate a G protein which will exchange GDP to GTP
A new poison prevents signal transduction by preventing the dimerization of receptors. What is
the most likely receptor type affected? - Answer Receptor kinase
What properties do receptor kinases NOT typically have? - Answer They tend to be short-
lasting signals
What is true of cell signal amplification? - Answer A single ligand can cause the activation of
many proteins
Intracellular receptors tend to result in shorter-term responses than cell-membrane receptors -
Answer False
