BIOS 255 – Exam 1 Review (60+ Questions) – Heart Anatomy, Circulation, ECG, Cardiac Cycle – Chamberlain University

This document is a structured and high-yield Exam 1 review guide for BIOS 255: Human Anatomy and Physiology III at Chamberlain University, created for the 2025/2026 academic year. It includes over 60 solved questions and detailed answers, covering core cardiovascular concepts tested on the first unit exam. All answers are verified, and key terms are consistently labeled to enhance memorization and clarity. Topics reviewed in this guide include: Cardiovascular circuits: pulmonary vs. systemic circulation, oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood flow, heart chamber functions Heart anatomy: atria and ventricles, heart valves (tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, semilunar), chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, pericardial layers (fibrous, parietal, visceral), and fibrous skeleton Blood flow pathway: full stepwise flow of blood through the heart, lungs, and body Cardiac conduction system: SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, and their roles in heartbeat regulation Cardiac physiology: action potentials in cardiac muscle, ECG waves (P wave, QRS complex, T wave), cardiac cycle phases (systole, diastole), heart sounds (lubb-dupp), and cardiac output formula Histology and muscle tissue: myocardium structure, intercalated discs, desmosomes, and gap junctions This document is ideal for: Students taking BIOS 255 or equivalent upper-level A&P courses Pre-nursing, pre-med, or allied health students preparing for cardiovascular unit exams Learners seeking a simplified, exam-aligned format to reinforce lecture and textbook concepts Students who benefit from Q&A repetition, memory cues, and labeled diagrams With detailed definitions, physiological pathways, and clearly written responses, this review helps build a strong understanding of cardiovascular structure and function. Keywords: pulmonary circuit, systemic circuit, heart chambers, vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk, atria, ventricles, tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, semilunar valves, chordae tendineae, pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, ECG, P wave, QRS complex, T wave, cardiac cycle, systole, diastole, cardiac output, heart sounds