ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM REVIEW 2025/2026 WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <UPDATED
NEW VERSION>
What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? - Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the
lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? - An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing
female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? - females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right hemisphere
dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders, visual spatial and
attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? - a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is
decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? - Ferrous
Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia).
Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for
hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and
recurrence risk) - Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? - 55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - Preserved
, What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? - Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3
murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? - Think peripheral vascular. Lower extremity
edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? - BNP. Heart failure is a result greater
than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? - Ischemic heart disease because the demand
requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? - Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? - Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to
hyperinflation - Emphysema
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? -
Bronchitis
What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? - Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to
clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? - Endocrine disorder called acromegaly
(overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? - Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune destruction
of adrenal cortex)
EXAM REVIEW 2025/2026 WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <UPDATED
NEW VERSION>
What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? - Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the
lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? - An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing
female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? - females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right hemisphere
dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders, visual spatial and
attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? - a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is
decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? - Ferrous
Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia).
Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for
hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and
recurrence risk) - Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? - 55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - Preserved
, What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? - Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3
murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? - Think peripheral vascular. Lower extremity
edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? - BNP. Heart failure is a result greater
than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? - Ischemic heart disease because the demand
requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? - Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? - Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to
hyperinflation - Emphysema
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? -
Bronchitis
What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? - Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to
clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? - Endocrine disorder called acromegaly
(overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? - Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune destruction
of adrenal cortex)
