WGU C273 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY
1.Auguste Conte: Suggested we apply scientific method to social world,
which is known as Positivism
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
2.Herbert Spencer: *Called 2nd founder of sociology
*disagreed with Conte, believed sociologists should not guide social
reform
*societies are evolving from lower to higher form
*society's most capable and intelligent members service - the less
capable die out
*fittest members produce a more advanced society "The survival of the
fittest" or "Social Darwinism" (credited to Darwin because he applied it t
organisms.
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
3.Karl Marx: *believed the engine of human history is class conflict
*society is made up of 2 classes
*economics is a central force in social change
*Bourgeoisie - capitalist own the means of production, money, land,
factories and machines
*Proletariat - workers;
*workers will unite and bread their chains of bondage
*introduced Conflict Theory
*did not think of himself as a sociologist
,4.Bourgeoisie: Capitalists
they own the means of production - money, land, factories, and
machines.
5.Proletariat: Workers
6.Emile Durkheim: *succeeded in getting sociology recognized as a
separate academic discipline
*how social forces affect peoples behavior
*Social Integration
when all parts of society full their part it is in a "normal" state, if they
do not fulfill their function it is in an "abnormal" or pathological state.
(functional analysis)
7.Social Integration: Degree to which people are tied to their social
groups.
People with weaker social ties are more likely to commit suicide
8.Applying Durkheim: Patterns of behavior or recurring patterns or events
9.Max Weber: *used cross culture and historical materials to trace the
cause of social change and how social groups affect peoples
orientation to life
*disagreed with Karl Marx
*Roman Catholics taught to hold on to tradition, protestant taught to
embrace change
*Protestant ethic
10.Protestant Ethic: *looked for sign they were in Gods good grace
, *financial success-live frugal lives, saving ant investing money "the spiri
of capital- ism"
This brought about capitalism
11.Harriet Martineau: *did writings because women were to focus on
church, cooking, children and clothes
*early female sociologist
*viewed sociology as a path to reform and improve society (stop
lynchings, integrate immigrants, improve working conditions)
12.W.E.B. DuBois: black sociologist
13.Jane Adams: Sociologist and social reformer
*came from wealth and privilege
*founded Hull House with Ellen Gates Starr
14.C. Wright Mills: pushed sociologist to go back to push social reform
15.Basic (or pure) sociology: sociological research for the purpose of
making discoveries about life in human groups, not for making
changes in those groups
16.Applied Sociology: the use of sociology to solve problems from
classroom integration and family relationships to crime and pollution
17.Public Sociology: applying sociology for the public good; especially
sociolog- ical perspective (how things relate to one another) to guide
politicians and policy makers
18.Theory: general statement about how some parts of the world fit
together and how they work; an explanation of how 2 or more facts are
related to one another
1.Auguste Conte: Suggested we apply scientific method to social world,
which is known as Positivism
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
2.Herbert Spencer: *Called 2nd founder of sociology
*disagreed with Conte, believed sociologists should not guide social
reform
*societies are evolving from lower to higher form
*society's most capable and intelligent members service - the less
capable die out
*fittest members produce a more advanced society "The survival of the
fittest" or "Social Darwinism" (credited to Darwin because he applied it t
organisms.
Viewed society as a living organism, similar to an animals body - must
function together to function smoothly. (functional analysis)
3.Karl Marx: *believed the engine of human history is class conflict
*society is made up of 2 classes
*economics is a central force in social change
*Bourgeoisie - capitalist own the means of production, money, land,
factories and machines
*Proletariat - workers;
*workers will unite and bread their chains of bondage
*introduced Conflict Theory
*did not think of himself as a sociologist
,4.Bourgeoisie: Capitalists
they own the means of production - money, land, factories, and
machines.
5.Proletariat: Workers
6.Emile Durkheim: *succeeded in getting sociology recognized as a
separate academic discipline
*how social forces affect peoples behavior
*Social Integration
when all parts of society full their part it is in a "normal" state, if they
do not fulfill their function it is in an "abnormal" or pathological state.
(functional analysis)
7.Social Integration: Degree to which people are tied to their social
groups.
People with weaker social ties are more likely to commit suicide
8.Applying Durkheim: Patterns of behavior or recurring patterns or events
9.Max Weber: *used cross culture and historical materials to trace the
cause of social change and how social groups affect peoples
orientation to life
*disagreed with Karl Marx
*Roman Catholics taught to hold on to tradition, protestant taught to
embrace change
*Protestant ethic
10.Protestant Ethic: *looked for sign they were in Gods good grace
, *financial success-live frugal lives, saving ant investing money "the spiri
of capital- ism"
This brought about capitalism
11.Harriet Martineau: *did writings because women were to focus on
church, cooking, children and clothes
*early female sociologist
*viewed sociology as a path to reform and improve society (stop
lynchings, integrate immigrants, improve working conditions)
12.W.E.B. DuBois: black sociologist
13.Jane Adams: Sociologist and social reformer
*came from wealth and privilege
*founded Hull House with Ellen Gates Starr
14.C. Wright Mills: pushed sociologist to go back to push social reform
15.Basic (or pure) sociology: sociological research for the purpose of
making discoveries about life in human groups, not for making
changes in those groups
16.Applied Sociology: the use of sociology to solve problems from
classroom integration and family relationships to crime and pollution
17.Public Sociology: applying sociology for the public good; especially
sociolog- ical perspective (how things relate to one another) to guide
politicians and policy makers
18.Theory: general statement about how some parts of the world fit
together and how they work; an explanation of how 2 or more facts are
related to one another
