NGR5172 FINAL EXAM 1 2025 LATEST SPRING
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A 48-year-old man with a known history of asthma takes daily theophylline. He is found
unconscious in his bathroom with an open bottle of theophylline that
is now empty nearby. He is found by EMS to be apneic and pulseless. What is the most likely
cause of death in this patient?
(A) Apnea
(B) Cardiac arrhythmia
(C) Pulmonary embolism
(D) Seizures
(E) Tetany
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(B) Cardiac arrhythmia
A 23-year-old man is a driver who is involved in a motor vehicle accident. He is brought to the
emergency department for evaluation. He is found to have a blood alcohol level of 850
mg/dL. Because of the way the body handles ethanol, the conventional "halflife"
to describe its metabolism does not apply. Which of the following drugs at therapeutic
concentrations exhibits the same property?
(A) Ibuprofen
(B) Phenytoin
(C) Simvastatin
(D) Tolbutamide
(E) Valproic acid
(B) Phenytoin
A 17-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant
pain that
he first felt around his umbilicus. His white blood cell count is 12,000/mL of blood. He is taken
to the operating
room for emergent laparoscopic appendectomy. About an hour into the surgery, his body
temperature
spikes and CO2 production rises uncontrollably. What is the next step in the treatment of this
patient?
(A) Acetaminophen
(B) Bromocriptine
(C) Dantrolene
(D) Diazepam
(E) Naproxen
(C) Dantrolene
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An 18-year-old woman presents to her primary care
physician after experiencing a one-sided headache for
the fourth time in the last 2 years. Her headaches have
all been similar in nature. She says the pain is worst right
behind her eye and that she feels nauseous and cannot
stand bright lights or loud noises while she is having a
headache. The physician prescribes sumatriptan. What
is the mechanism of action of this medication?
(A) Blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes in the CNS
(B) Blocking serotonin-mediated nociceptive signaling
(C) Blocking synthesis of proinflammatory prostaglandins
around nerve endings
(D) Stimulating m-receptors in the brain
(E) Stimulating k-receptors in the brain
(B) Blocking serotonin-mediated nociceptive signaling
Recent studies into the pathogenesis of halothane induced malignant hyperthermia indicate
which of
the following as the likely implicating cause?
(A) Drug toxicity
(B) Excitation-contraction coupling defect
(C) Myoplasmic sodium defect
(D) Oxygen-hemoglobin concentration deficit
(E) Neural overmodulation
(B) Excitation-contraction coupling defect
Thiopental is used as an anesthetic agent during surgery to repair a small-bowel obstruction in
a 78-year-old man. Approximately 1 day after his surgery,
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toxicology studies still reveal some thiopental present in the bloodstream. What is the most
likely explanation for this finding?
(A) Hepatitis
(B) Hepatic insufficiency
(C) Physiologic metabolism
(D) Renal failure
(E) Trauma to bowel vasculature
(C) Physiologic metabolism
A 39-year-old man who suffered a work-related injury has chronic back pain. A morphine pain
pump was implanted to control his chronic pain. Formerly, he had chronic diarrhea which is
now much improved. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
(A) Improved gastrointestinal motility
(B) Improved intestinal circular muscle tone
(C) Weakened anal sphincter tone
(D) Weakened rectal balloon dilation pressure
(E) Weakened transverse colonic musculature
(B) Improved intestinal circular muscle tone
A 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department
with an altered mental status. He is hyperventilating, has a rash on his hands, and a high fever.
His mother has been giving him an antipyretic for his fever for the past 2 days. The patient's
liver enzymes are elevated. His mental status continues to decline. What is the mechanism of
action of the most likely medication given to this child by his mother?
(A) Inhibits phospholipase A2
(B) Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenases 1 and 2
(C) Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenases 1 and 2
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