Psychology Chapters 1-14 Exam With
Detailed Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2025-2026
Already Graded A+
psychology -ANS The scientific study of mind and behavior.
data -ANS Any information collected through formal observation or measurement.
hindsight bias -ANS The tendency to think that we could have predicted something that
has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict.
scientific method -ANS The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists
use to conduct empirical research.
levels of explanation -ANS The perspectives that are used to understand behavior.
individual differences -ANS The variations among people on physical or psychological
dimensions.
structuralism -ANS Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or
"structures" of psychological experience
functionalism -ANS Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed
the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess
psychodyamic -ANS Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and
memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior
behaviorism -ANS Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the
mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of
behavior itself
cognitive -ANS The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory,
and judgments
social-cultural -ANS The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which
people find themselves influence thinking and behavior
heritability -ANS The proportion of the observed differences on characteristics among
people (e.g., in terms of their height, intelligence, or optimism) that is due to genetics.
,nature vs nurture -ANS Are genes or environment most influential in determining the
behavior of individuals and in accounting for differences among people?
free will vs determinism -ANS This question concerns the extent to which people have
control over their own actions. Are we the products of our environment, guided by forces
out of our control, or are we able to choose the behaviors we engage in?
accuracy vs inaccuracy -ANS To what extent are humans good information processors?
conscious vs unconscious -ANS To what extent are we conscious of our own actions
and the causes of them, and to what extent are our behaviors caused by influences that
we are not aware of?
differences vs similarities -ANS To what extent are we all similar, and to what extent are
we different?
plato and aristotle -ANS Earliest psychologists that we know about. One believed that
knowledge was innate, and the other believed that each human is born as an empty
slate.
introspection -ANS A method of learning about psychological processes in which
research participants are asked to describe exactly what they experience as they work
on mental tasks.
evolutionary psychology -ANS A branch of psychology that applies the Darwinian theory
of natural selection to human and animal behavior.
fitness -ANS The extent to which having a given genetic characteristic helps an
individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other members of
the species who do not have the characteristic.
psychodynamic psychology -ANS An approach to understanding human behavior that
focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories.
social norms -ANS The ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that are shared by group
members and are perceived by them as appropriate.
culture -ANS A common set of social norms, including religious and family values and
other moral beliefs, shared by the people who live in a geographical region.
biopsychology and neuroscience -ANS This field examines the physiological bases of
behavior in animals and humans by studying the functioning of different brain areas and
the effects of hormones and neurotransmitters on behavior.
,clinical and counseling psychology -ANS These are the largest fields of psychology.
The focus is on the assessment, diagnosis, causes, and treatment of mental disorders.
developmental psychology -ANS These psychologists conduct research on the
cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur across the lifespan.
forensic psychology -ANS Apply psychological principles to understand the behavior of
judges, attorneys, courtroom juries, and others in the criminal justice system.
health psychology -ANS Concerned with understanding how biology, behavior, and the
social situation influence health and illness.
industrial- organizational and environmental psychology -ANS Applies psychology to the
workplace with the goal of improving the performance and well-being of employees.
personality psychology -ANS These psychologists study people and the differences
among them. The goal is to develop theories that explain the psychological processes
of individuals, and to focus on individual differences.
school and educational psychology -ANS This field studies how people
learn in school, the effectiveness
of school programs, and the psychology of teaching.
social and cross-cultural psychology -ANS This field examines people's interactions with
other people. Topics of study include conformity, group behavior, leadership, attitudes,
and person perception
sports psychology -ANS This field studies the psychological aspects of sports behavior.
The goal is to understand the psychological factors that influence performance in sports,
including the role of exercise and team interactions.
basic research -ANS Research that ANSs fundamental questions about behavior.
applied research -ANS Research that investigates issues that have implications for
everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems.
empirical -ANS Based on systematic collection and analysis of data.
objective -ANS Free from the personal bias or emotions of the scientist
laws -ANS Principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain
of inquiry.
theory -ANS An integrated set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all,
observed relationships within a given domain of inquiry.
, falsifiable -ANS A characteristic of a theory or research hypothesis in which the
variables of interest can be adequately measured and the predicted relationships
among the variables can be shown through research to be incorrect.
research hypothesis -ANS A specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship
between or among two or more variables.
variable -ANS Any attribute that can assume different values among different people or
across different times or places.
conceptual variables -ANS Abstract ideas that form the basis of research hypotheses.
measured variables -ANS Variables consisting of numbers that represent the
conceptual variables.
operational definition -ANS A precise statement of how a conceptual variable is turned
into a measured variable.
deception -ANS A situation that occurs whenever research participants are not
completely and fully informed about the nature of the research project before
participating in it.
institutional review board -ANS A committee of at least five members whose goal is to
determine cost-benefit ratio of research conducted within an institution.
informed consent -ANS A procedure, conducted before a participant begins a research
session, designed to explain the research procedures and inform the participant of his
or her rights during the investigation.
debriefing -ANS A procedure designed to fully explain the purposes and procedures of
the research and remove any harmful aftereffects of participation.
research design -ANS An approach used to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
descriptive research -ANS Research designed to provide a snapshot of the current
state of affairs. Complete picture, but does not assess relationships among variables.
correlational research -ANS Research designed to discover relationships among
variables and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge. Can
assess relationships in everyday life events, but cannot be used to draw inferences
based on relationships between variables.
experimental research -ANS Research in which initial equivalence among research
participants in more than one group is created, followed by a manipulation of a given
experience for these groups and a measurement of the influence of the manipulation.
Allows conclusions to be drawn, can't manipulate variables, is also very expensive.
Detailed Questions And Correct
Answers||Latest Exam 2025-2026
Already Graded A+
psychology -ANS The scientific study of mind and behavior.
data -ANS Any information collected through formal observation or measurement.
hindsight bias -ANS The tendency to think that we could have predicted something that
has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict.
scientific method -ANS The set of assumptions, rules, and procedures that scientists
use to conduct empirical research.
levels of explanation -ANS The perspectives that are used to understand behavior.
individual differences -ANS The variations among people on physical or psychological
dimensions.
structuralism -ANS Uses the method of introspection to identify the basic elements or
"structures" of psychological experience
functionalism -ANS Attempts to understand why animals and humans have developed
the particular psychological aspects that they currently possess
psychodyamic -ANS Focuses on the role of our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and
memories and our early childhood experiences in determining behavior
behaviorism -ANS Based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study the
mind, and therefore that psychologists should limit their attention to the study of
behavior itself
cognitive -ANS The study of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory,
and judgments
social-cultural -ANS The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which
people find themselves influence thinking and behavior
heritability -ANS The proportion of the observed differences on characteristics among
people (e.g., in terms of their height, intelligence, or optimism) that is due to genetics.
,nature vs nurture -ANS Are genes or environment most influential in determining the
behavior of individuals and in accounting for differences among people?
free will vs determinism -ANS This question concerns the extent to which people have
control over their own actions. Are we the products of our environment, guided by forces
out of our control, or are we able to choose the behaviors we engage in?
accuracy vs inaccuracy -ANS To what extent are humans good information processors?
conscious vs unconscious -ANS To what extent are we conscious of our own actions
and the causes of them, and to what extent are our behaviors caused by influences that
we are not aware of?
differences vs similarities -ANS To what extent are we all similar, and to what extent are
we different?
plato and aristotle -ANS Earliest psychologists that we know about. One believed that
knowledge was innate, and the other believed that each human is born as an empty
slate.
introspection -ANS A method of learning about psychological processes in which
research participants are asked to describe exactly what they experience as they work
on mental tasks.
evolutionary psychology -ANS A branch of psychology that applies the Darwinian theory
of natural selection to human and animal behavior.
fitness -ANS The extent to which having a given genetic characteristic helps an
individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other members of
the species who do not have the characteristic.
psychodynamic psychology -ANS An approach to understanding human behavior that
focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories.
social norms -ANS The ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving that are shared by group
members and are perceived by them as appropriate.
culture -ANS A common set of social norms, including religious and family values and
other moral beliefs, shared by the people who live in a geographical region.
biopsychology and neuroscience -ANS This field examines the physiological bases of
behavior in animals and humans by studying the functioning of different brain areas and
the effects of hormones and neurotransmitters on behavior.
,clinical and counseling psychology -ANS These are the largest fields of psychology.
The focus is on the assessment, diagnosis, causes, and treatment of mental disorders.
developmental psychology -ANS These psychologists conduct research on the
cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur across the lifespan.
forensic psychology -ANS Apply psychological principles to understand the behavior of
judges, attorneys, courtroom juries, and others in the criminal justice system.
health psychology -ANS Concerned with understanding how biology, behavior, and the
social situation influence health and illness.
industrial- organizational and environmental psychology -ANS Applies psychology to the
workplace with the goal of improving the performance and well-being of employees.
personality psychology -ANS These psychologists study people and the differences
among them. The goal is to develop theories that explain the psychological processes
of individuals, and to focus on individual differences.
school and educational psychology -ANS This field studies how people
learn in school, the effectiveness
of school programs, and the psychology of teaching.
social and cross-cultural psychology -ANS This field examines people's interactions with
other people. Topics of study include conformity, group behavior, leadership, attitudes,
and person perception
sports psychology -ANS This field studies the psychological aspects of sports behavior.
The goal is to understand the psychological factors that influence performance in sports,
including the role of exercise and team interactions.
basic research -ANS Research that ANSs fundamental questions about behavior.
applied research -ANS Research that investigates issues that have implications for
everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems.
empirical -ANS Based on systematic collection and analysis of data.
objective -ANS Free from the personal bias or emotions of the scientist
laws -ANS Principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain
of inquiry.
theory -ANS An integrated set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all,
observed relationships within a given domain of inquiry.
, falsifiable -ANS A characteristic of a theory or research hypothesis in which the
variables of interest can be adequately measured and the predicted relationships
among the variables can be shown through research to be incorrect.
research hypothesis -ANS A specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship
between or among two or more variables.
variable -ANS Any attribute that can assume different values among different people or
across different times or places.
conceptual variables -ANS Abstract ideas that form the basis of research hypotheses.
measured variables -ANS Variables consisting of numbers that represent the
conceptual variables.
operational definition -ANS A precise statement of how a conceptual variable is turned
into a measured variable.
deception -ANS A situation that occurs whenever research participants are not
completely and fully informed about the nature of the research project before
participating in it.
institutional review board -ANS A committee of at least five members whose goal is to
determine cost-benefit ratio of research conducted within an institution.
informed consent -ANS A procedure, conducted before a participant begins a research
session, designed to explain the research procedures and inform the participant of his
or her rights during the investigation.
debriefing -ANS A procedure designed to fully explain the purposes and procedures of
the research and remove any harmful aftereffects of participation.
research design -ANS An approach used to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
descriptive research -ANS Research designed to provide a snapshot of the current
state of affairs. Complete picture, but does not assess relationships among variables.
correlational research -ANS Research designed to discover relationships among
variables and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge. Can
assess relationships in everyday life events, but cannot be used to draw inferences
based on relationships between variables.
experimental research -ANS Research in which initial equivalence among research
participants in more than one group is created, followed by a manipulation of a given
experience for these groups and a measurement of the influence of the manipulation.
Allows conclusions to be drawn, can't manipulate variables, is also very expensive.
