BIOS MISC Heart System Test.docx 2021

BIOS MISC Heart System T 2021 You have 2 and half hour to finish this. Total Qs are 125. Finish this in one sitting and send it back to me. Highlight the correct Options/Answer with Color Red. How many chambers does the heart have? Six Five Four Three The beating sound your heart makes comes from: Blood going in the wrong direction Valves closing The heart skipping beats Your ears playing tricks on you With circulation, the heart provides your body with: Oxygen & Nutrients A way to get rid of waste Both of the above What wall separates the left side and right side of the heart? Ventricle Atrium Septum Portal wall What parts act like doors that control blood flow in the heart? Valves Heart muscles Kidneys Chambers What organ removes waste from blood? Heart Lungs Eyes Kidneys These carry blood back to the heart: Arteries Veins Pipes Nodes Which acronym can help you remember the signs of a stroke? F.A.S.T., F=Face Drooping, A=Arm Weakness, S=Speech Difficulty, T=Time to call 911 F.A.S.T., F=Feel the face, A=Arm yourself, S=Stop, T=Time to rest S.T.O.P., S=Stop stroke, T=Time to rest, O=Opt out, P=Poke to test None of the above Which of the following statements is (are) true of ticlopidine HCl (Ticlid)? I. inhibits platelet aggregation II. it is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor III. dissolves blood clots I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III The principle site of action of Indapamide is the: ascending loop of Henle descending loop of Henle proximal tubule distal tubule How does hydralazine, an antihypertensive agent, work? blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors directly dilates peripheral blood vessels inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) blocks beta-adrenergic receptors To spot a stroke, look for: Face Drooping Difficulty Breathing Arm Weakness Speech Difficulty A, C and D None of the above Deoxygenated blood is normally found only: in the heart’s atria in the heart’s ventricles in the right side of the heart in the left side of the heart Loop diuretics are preferred diuretics in which of the following diseases? -select all that apply Hypertension Heart Failure Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Arrhythmias Why is it important to call 9-1-1 in a stroke emergency? Select all that apply Time lost is brain lost, quick treatment may save your life and reduce disability Receiving treatment within 3-4.5 hours can significantly reduce long-term brain damage EMS/Paramedics can notify the hospital that they are coming with a potential stroke patient so you can receive quick treatment once you arrive Aspirin is believed to inhibit clotting by its action on which of the following endogenous substances? serotonin cyclooxygenase fibrinogen endorphin A xanthine oxidase Which of these lifestyle changes WILL NOT help you control your risk of high blood pressure? Eat a heart-healthy diet Give up smoking. This time, for good Cut the fluid intake Cut your salt intake. Try substituting herbs and spices Physical activity can counteract the harmful effects of other risk factors like high cholesterol and high blood pressure. True False Which of the following drug classes cause Hypokalemia? Select all that aply Thiazides Diuretics ACEi Loop Diuretics ARBs Methyldopa is associated with – select all that apply Anemia Positive Coombs test Kidney Failure DILE Being diagnosed with high blood pressure means you are destined to take the Antihypertensive medications continuously True False Which of the following is the most desirable blood pressure reading? 130/90 100/60 140/80 Lower than 120/80 The main cause of high blood pressure is: Stress Obesity Unknown Aging Supraventricular Arrhythmias are Tachycardias that occur either in SA node or Atrium True False Terazosin is an example of Angiotensin Receptor blocker Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Alpha 1 Blocker Which of the following groups has the highest rate of high blood pressure? Caucasians African Americans Hispanics Asian/Pacific Islanders High blood pressure medication is usually prescribed to be taken: Under stressful situations As a lifelong way to manage high blood pressure When activities require physical exertion Whenever a patient feels bad Preferred Beta Blockers for HF are all of these, Except Bisoprolol Metoprolol IR Carvedilol Diuretics which may result in hyperkalemia when used in a patient also receiving potassium supplementation include: A. amiloride B. mannitol C. triamterene D. bumetanide A,B,C A,C B,D D only All are correct A pharmacist is about to dispense bumetanide. Which of the following concerns should be considered in using this product? I. Ototoxicity may occur. II. Potassium supplementation may be required. III. Patients with sulfa hypersensitivity should not use this product. I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III Symptoms of Heart Failure are? – Select all that apply Pulmonary Congestion Arrhythmia Fluid & water retention Skipping heart beats Antiarrhythmic drugs can be separated into four groups, types I to IV. All of the following are type I antiarrhythmic drugs EXCEPT: quinidine lidocaine procainamide Ibutilide The bulging and spilling out of blood from blood vessels most commonly occur in Ischemic Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke TIA All of the above Clonidine hydrochloride lowers blood pressure by reducing sympathetic tone. It is believed to act by inhibiting sympathetic outflow from the vasomotor center in the medulla. A potentially serious adverse reaction that has been reported is: ventricular fibrillation anaphylaxis irreversible nephrotoxicity withdrawal syndrome resembling hypertensive crisis Peripheral resistance of blood vessels: decreases as the length of the blood vessel increases increases as the diameter of the blood vessel increases increases as the viscosity of blood increases does not play a major role in affecting one’s blood pressure How much physical activity is enough? 20 minutes every day 90 minutes a day once you are in shape 150 minutes per week It depends on the size of your heart These all are true for Digoxin, Except Increases QoL Help decreasing Deaths Increase Cardiac output Positive Inotrope & Negative Inotrope Which of the following Beta Blockers are related with ISA-Select all that apply Atenolol Penbutolol Acebutolol Carvedilol Pindolol Intraoperative Floppy Iris syndrome is related to Direct Vasodilators Alpha 2 Agonists Alpha 1 Blockers Beta Blockers Metabolic alkalosis may be a complication of the administration of: hydrochlorothiazide bumetanide furosemide acetazolamide Which of the following beta Blockers are Cardio-selective- Select all that apply Metoprolol Acebutolol Atenolol Pindolol Timolol Women get the same benefits from being physically active as men. True False Which of the following is indicated for the prevention of thrombotic/Ischemic stroke? Nimodipine ticlopidine cilostazol Manitol You can prevent heart disease by being physically active. True False The pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood away from the heart carry oxygenated blood towards the heart carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart These are all true for Alteplase, except It helps dissolving the clot, rather preventing it from happen Need to make sure patient has the clot before using it Treatment should be given within 3 hours of symptoms Patients will need to be monitored every 2 hours The principle site of action of Spironolactone is the: ascending loop of Henle descending loop of Henle proximal tubule distal tubule Which of the following calcium channel blockers may be employed parenterally in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias? I. verapamil (Isoptin, Calan) II. felodipine III. amlodipine (Norvasc) I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III Preferred class of drugs to be used in Variant Angina, is? CCBs BBs ACEi Thiazides Centrally acting alpha 2 agonists have the same contraindication, which is Renal Failure Mental Disease Asthma Liver Disease These are the drugs which comes under the above-mentioned drug class-select all that apply Hydralazine Clonidine Minoxidil Methyldopa Most common type of stroke is Ischemic Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke Transient Ischemic Stroke All of the above Being obese is the biggest risk factor for heart disease True False DILE & Reflex tachycardia are related with Lisinopril Minoxidil Hydralazine Clonidine Which of these fats can lower my LDL ("bad") cholesterol and decrease my risk of heart disease? Partially hydrogenated oils Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats Monosaturated fats and polysaturated fats Saturated fats and trans fats What is the term for a heart valve that is narrowed and will not fully open? Valve Insufficiency Valve Regurgitation Valve Stenosis Valve Dysplasia These are major sign & symptoms in stroke, Except: Confusion Trouble Movement Headache Trouble hearing Numbness Which of the following drugs included in Antiarrhythmic Class Ic? Select all that apply Lidocaine Flecainide Mexiletine Propafenone Enalapril is an example of Angiotensin Receptor blocker Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Alpha 1 Blocker Nimodipine is preferred for the Treatment of ICH TIA Ischemic Stroke SAH Which of the following Diuretic classes cause Hyperuricemia? Select all that apply Thiazides Loops Both of the above K-sparings All of the above This drug is used in combination and is a Neprilysin Inhibitor Trandolapril Ivabradine Sacubitril Valsartan Ventricular Fibrillation is the most common type of Arrhythmias True False BNP Test is used most commonly to diagnose Hypertension Angina Stroke Heart Failure Alpha1 Blocker drugs should be avoided in Elderly patients because of its prominent side effect, which is Reflex Tachycardia Edema Angina Orthostatic Hypotension These are all side effects related to Amiodarone, Except Pulmonary toxicity Pneumonitis Corneal deposition Ataxia Ototoxicity Which two valves are most commonly affected by heart valve disease in humans? Tricuspid & Pulmonary Aortic & Mitral Pulmonary & Aortic Tricuspid & Mitral What kinds of problems can cause heart valves to malfunction? A heart valve can develop an infection A valve can get stuck and fail to fully open A valve can leak All of the above For the secondary prevention of Ischemic Stroke, we prefer to give if patient had TIA/non-cardio embolic stroke, and if the patient had cardio-embolic stoke Which of the following is preferred for the treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke? Nimodipine Ticlopidine Cilostazol Mannitol Heart disease is the second leading cause of death in the United States. True False The lining of the inner walls of the heart’s chambers is termed the: visceral pericardium serous pericardium epicardium myocardium endocardium The “first-dose” effect is characterized by marked hypotension and syncope upon taking the first few doses of certain medications. Which of the following drug(s) are likely to cause this effect? I. terazosin (Hytrin) II. nisoldipine (Sular) III. acebutolol (Sectral) I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III only Thiazides diuretics are preferred drug of choice in which of the following diseases? Hypertension Heart Failure Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Arrhythmias In Subarachnoid Hemorrhage the bleeding occurs in the brain and surrounding tissues, whereas in Intracerebral Hemorrhage, the bleeding occurs between the space of brain and tissues? True False Which of the following Medications should be avoided in patients with HF-Select all that apply Aspirin Daunorubicin Methamphetamine Class I & IV anti-arrhythmic drugs Ibuprofen Amlodipine Which one of the following beta-adrenergic blocking agents is MOST likely to cause central nervous system adverse effects? acebutolol (Sectral) atenolol (Tenormin) pindolol (Visken) propranolol HCl (Inderal) What is true about Aggrenox-select all that apply Used for the prevention of Hemorrhagic Stroke Should be kept in Original bottle Increases cAMP, leading to platelet aggregation inhibition Can increase the risk of Bleeding The outermost layer of the heart’s serous pericardium is termed the: visceral pericardium parietal pericardium epicardium myocardium endocardium These are all symptoms of Right sided heart Failure, Except Rales Edema Hepatomegaly Jugular Venous Distention Constipation Telmisartan is an example of Angiotensin Receptor blocker Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Alpha 1 Blocker The heart’s natural pacemaker is termed the: sinoatrial node atrioventricular node bundle of His/atrioventricular bundle Purkinje fibers The heart’s electrical conduction network found within the ventricular myocardium is termed the: sinoatrial node atrioventricular node bundle of His/atrioventricular bundle Purkinje fibers A diuretic agent which has been associated with hearing loss when given intravenously is: spironolactone triamterene ethacrynic acid chlorothiazide The exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues is a major function of: arterioles arteries capillaries veins Which of the following is preferred for the treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke? Nimodipine Ticlopidine Alteplase Mannitol Cinchonism is a dose-related bad reaction with which of the following drugs? Hydralazine Amiodarone Procainamide Quinidine The difference between Atrial Fibrillation & Atrial flutter is that, in Atrial Fibrillation the contraction is very fast but , while in Flutter, the contraction is very fast but How can clonidine be best described? alpha-adrenergic agonist beta-adrenergic blocker alpha-adrenergic blocker beta-adrenergic agonist Which of the following drug classes cause Hyperkalemia-Select all that apply Thiazides Diuretics ACEi Loop Diuretics ARBs Aldosterone Receptor antagonists Which of the following statements best describes arteries? all arteries carry oxygenated blood towards the heart all arteries contain valves to prevent the back-flow of blood all arteries carry blood away from the heart only large arteries are lined with endothelium Methyldopa is an example of Centrally acting Alpha2 Agonist Aldosterone Receptor Blocker Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Alpha 1 Blocker Immediately following strenuous and vigorous exercise, which of the following is most likely to occur? blood will be rapidly diverted to the digestive organs the skin will be cold and clammy capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood blood flow to the kidneys quickly increases Quinidine Poisoning include all, Except Hearing loss Constipation Blurred vision Mental confusion Which of the following are monitoring Parameters of RAAS Drugs – select all that apply Blood Pressure Serum Creatinine Serum Potassium BUN Which of the follow beta blocker drugs is both non-selective as well as alpha blocker? Propranolol Atenolol Metoprolol Carvedilol Blood in the pulmonary arteries: enters the heart’s right ventricle is heading towards the lungs leaves the left ventricle to enter the aorta flows from the lungs towards the heart’s left atrium which blood vessels have the thickest walls? Arteries Veins Capillaries You can lower your risk of heart disease by: Reducing your salt intake Taking vitamin E supplements Taking folic acid supplements All of the above Your heart stops beating when a heart attack strikes TRUE False Jaw or back pain could be a sign of a heart attack True False This class of the drugs, is associated with Hypotension, decrease libido and increase glucose ACEi ARBs CCBs Beta Blockers Eplerenone is Thiazide diuretic K-sparing diuretic Loop Diuretic Direct Renin inhibitor Which of the following drugs are in the same class of Anti-Arrhythmics as Amiodarone? Select all that apply Ibutilide Dronedarone Disopyramide Sotalol Dihydropyridines CCBs cause Bradycardia, whereas Non-Dihydropyridines cause Tachycardia True False Which of the following is (are) true of Irbesartan (Avapro)? I. It is an ACE inhibitor. II. It is indicated for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. III. It should NOT be used in women during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. I only III only I and II only II and III only I, II, and III Which of the followings are contraindications for RAAS Drugs (ACEi, ARBs, DRA)-select all that apply Pregnancy Angioedema Hypokalemia Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis Bronchial constriction is rare, but serious side effect of which of Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs Lidocaine Procainamide Quinidine Propranolol An inmate being seen in nurse sick call for complaints of nasal allergies and a recent back strain. His blood pressure is 148/90 mm Hg. At intake, a month ago, his blood pressure was 154/92 mm Hg. Based upon the reading today, this patient is at what stage of hypertension? Prehypertension Stage 1 hypertension Stage 2 hypertension Hypertensive crisis A diuretic which is contraindicated in a patient with hyperkalemia is: acetazolamide chlorothiazide furosemide spironolactone Initial medication orders for treatment of hypertension are likely to include any of the following except… ACE inhibitors Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers Thiazide type diuretic Patient is placed on low doses of Lisinopril and HCTZ, which lab work should be done for this patient. BUN & GFR Albumin & Bilirubin Creatinine & Potassium LDL & HDL Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, and menstrual abnormalities are potential adverse effects associated with: A. amiloride B. captopril C. triamterene D. spironolactone A,B,C A,C B,D D only All are correct Complications of treatment of edema with thiazides include all of the following EXCEPT: hyperuricemia hyperkalemia hyperglycemia hyponatremia alkalosis Antihypertensive agents must be used with caution. The medical condition for which spironolactone is most contraindicated is: renal insufficiency coronary insufficiency central depression liver disease The principle site of action of furosemide is the: ascending loop of Henle descending loop of Henle proximal tubule distal tubule Which of the following Anti-arrhythmic drugs can also cause arrhythmia as well?select all that apply Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Gingival Hyperplasia is most related with Dihydropyridines Calcium Channel Blockers Non-Dihydropyridine CCBs Both of above Beta blockers All of the above This Beta blocker is selective but also has Nitric oxide related activity Propranolol Carvedilol Nebivolol Carteolol Nitroglycerine patch is to put on the body for Every 24 hours Every 72 hours Every 12 hours Every week This drug can be used for Chronic Angina, mostly with combinations & is contraindicated in Liver impairment and can cause QT prolongation Isosorbide dinitrate Clopidogrel Digoxin Ranolazine Contraindications of Beta blockers are all Except Sinus Bradycardia Heart Block Bronchoconstriction Liver impairment Which of the following are examples of Centrally acting Alpha2 agonists-select all that apply? Guanfacine Clonidine Methyldopa Minoxidil Drug of choices in Pregnancy for Hypertension are- select all that apply Methyldopa Nifedipine ER Labetalol Metoprolol All of the above These are all symptoms of Left sided heart Failure, Except Rales Pulmonary Edema Orthopnea Ascites Dyspnea