NR511 FINAL TEST | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM
Appendicitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Constant periumbilical pain shifting to
RLQ, with possible vomiting and low-grade fever; confirmed with WBCs,
urinalysis, and signs like Obturator sign.
Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - LLQ pain, fever, nausea/vomiting; CT
scan to rule out abscess or gynecologic causes.
Gastroenteritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
vomiting; stool culture can help rule out IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel, partial
bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess.
Splenic Sequestration (Sickle Cell) - CORRECT ANSWER - Abdominal pain
with pallor and tachycardia.
PUD (H. pylori) - CORRECT ANSWER - Epigastric burning relieved by
food; treated with triple therapy.
C. difficile - CORRECT ANSWER - Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea;
diagnosed by ELISA, PCR, CBC. Treated with metronidazole and supportive
care.
Giardia - CORRECT ANSWER - Exposure to unfiltered water; treat with
Flagyl or atabrine.
Salmonella - CORRECT ANSWER - Bloody or mucoid diarrhea with N/V and
colicky abdominal pain; linked to chicken, eggs.
,Rotavirus (in children) - CORRECT ANSWER - Watery diarrhea, vomiting,
low-grade fever; supportive care with fluids.
Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWER - Evaluate recent diet,
antibiotic use, travel history, and water source.
Chronic Constipation Management Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER -
Increase dietary fiber and water, encourage physical activity, use of osmotic or
stimulant laxatives when necessary, rule out underlying pathology.
Heartburn (GERD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Classic symptom: Heartburn,
often at night.
Associated symptoms of GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Dysphagia,
regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness.
First-line treatment for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Diet modification +
omeprazole for 6 weeks.
Endoscopy for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - If no improvement after first-
line treatment, order endoscopy.
Lifestyle modifications for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Small meals,
upright after eating, elevate head of bed, no meals 3 hours before bedtime.
Obturator Sign - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain on internal rotation of flexed
hip (appendicitis).
Rovsing's Sign - CORRECT ANSWER - RLQ pain on palpation of LLQ
(appendicitis).
, General approach to abdominal assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation. Identify tenderness, distension,
masses, or rebound tenderness.
Management of Diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWER - Metronidazole, fluids,
probiotics for C. difficile; Flagyl or Atabrine for Giardia; supportive care for
Salmonella.
Constipation management strategies - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase dietary
fiber (20-35g/day), hydration (1.5-2L/day), physical activity, laxatives if
needed, address medication side effects.
Heartburn Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Heartburn, regurgitation, sour
taste, hoarseness, cough, dysphagia.
Next Step if GERD treatment fails - CORRECT ANSWER - Endoscopy.
Foods to avoid in GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Alcohol, chocolate,
peppermint, caffeine, spicy/fatty foods.
Lifestyle Tips for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Small meals, upright x 2
hrs, HOB elevated, no food 3 hrs before bed.
General Inspection in Abdominal Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - Look
for scars, distention, pulsations.
Auscultation in Abdominal Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - Bowel
sounds: Hyperactive (diarrhea), hypoactive (obstruction), absent (peritonitis).
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM
Appendicitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Constant periumbilical pain shifting to
RLQ, with possible vomiting and low-grade fever; confirmed with WBCs,
urinalysis, and signs like Obturator sign.
Diverticulitis - CORRECT ANSWER - LLQ pain, fever, nausea/vomiting; CT
scan to rule out abscess or gynecologic causes.
Gastroenteritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps,
vomiting; stool culture can help rule out IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel, partial
bowel obstruction, pelvic abscess.
Splenic Sequestration (Sickle Cell) - CORRECT ANSWER - Abdominal pain
with pallor and tachycardia.
PUD (H. pylori) - CORRECT ANSWER - Epigastric burning relieved by
food; treated with triple therapy.
C. difficile - CORRECT ANSWER - Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea;
diagnosed by ELISA, PCR, CBC. Treated with metronidazole and supportive
care.
Giardia - CORRECT ANSWER - Exposure to unfiltered water; treat with
Flagyl or atabrine.
Salmonella - CORRECT ANSWER - Bloody or mucoid diarrhea with N/V and
colicky abdominal pain; linked to chicken, eggs.
,Rotavirus (in children) - CORRECT ANSWER - Watery diarrhea, vomiting,
low-grade fever; supportive care with fluids.
Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWER - Evaluate recent diet,
antibiotic use, travel history, and water source.
Chronic Constipation Management Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER -
Increase dietary fiber and water, encourage physical activity, use of osmotic or
stimulant laxatives when necessary, rule out underlying pathology.
Heartburn (GERD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Classic symptom: Heartburn,
often at night.
Associated symptoms of GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Dysphagia,
regurgitation, sour taste, hoarseness.
First-line treatment for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Diet modification +
omeprazole for 6 weeks.
Endoscopy for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - If no improvement after first-
line treatment, order endoscopy.
Lifestyle modifications for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Small meals,
upright after eating, elevate head of bed, no meals 3 hours before bedtime.
Obturator Sign - CORRECT ANSWER - Pain on internal rotation of flexed
hip (appendicitis).
Rovsing's Sign - CORRECT ANSWER - RLQ pain on palpation of LLQ
(appendicitis).
, General approach to abdominal assessment - CORRECT ANSWER -
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation. Identify tenderness, distension,
masses, or rebound tenderness.
Management of Diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWER - Metronidazole, fluids,
probiotics for C. difficile; Flagyl or Atabrine for Giardia; supportive care for
Salmonella.
Constipation management strategies - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase dietary
fiber (20-35g/day), hydration (1.5-2L/day), physical activity, laxatives if
needed, address medication side effects.
Heartburn Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Heartburn, regurgitation, sour
taste, hoarseness, cough, dysphagia.
Next Step if GERD treatment fails - CORRECT ANSWER - Endoscopy.
Foods to avoid in GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Alcohol, chocolate,
peppermint, caffeine, spicy/fatty foods.
Lifestyle Tips for GERD - CORRECT ANSWER - Small meals, upright x 2
hrs, HOB elevated, no food 3 hrs before bed.
General Inspection in Abdominal Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - Look
for scars, distention, pulsations.
Auscultation in Abdominal Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER - Bowel
sounds: Hyperactive (diarrhea), hypoactive (obstruction), absent (peritonitis).
