NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE
What schedule drugs can APRNs prescribe? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
depends on the governing body in each state. In AZ there are no restrictions on
APRN prescribing by schedule.
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - CORRECT ANSWER
- AZ - State Board of Nursing
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the healthcare
system? - CORRECT ANSWER - Creates numerous barriers to quality
affordable and acessible patient care.
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Be prudent and deliberate in your decision-making process
2. Have a documented provider-patient relationship with the person for whom
you are prescribing
3. Do not prescribe medications for family or friends or for yourself
4. Document a thorough history and physical examination in your records
5.Include any discussions you have with the patient regarding risk factors, side
effects, or therapy options
6. Have a documented plan regarding drug monitoring or titration, if applicable.
What should be used to make prescribing decisions? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cost, availability, current practice guidelines, medication interactions with food
side effects need for monitoring how drug is metabolized. special populations.
ask if prescriptions are cost prohibitive.
,Be familiar with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of older
adults and how that would translate to baseline information needed to prescribe.
- CORRECT ANSWER - Older adults often metabolize drugs more slowly.
Dosages may need to be adjusted to accommodate age related changes in GI
system, liver function, kidney function, etc.
What is the BEERS criteria? - CORRECT ANSWER - lists potentially
inappropriate drugs that lead to adverse effects in the elderly
why is the BEERS criteria important? - CORRECT ANSWER - It provides a
list of medications that are potentially harmful in elderly. List that identifies
drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults. Beers
Criteria are recommendations; ultimately prescribers must determine whether a
medication is appropriate for use or not. These guidelines are not intended to
limit the use of medications or apply to all older adults. Safe and judicious
prescribing is crucial in the older adult to optimize pharmacotherapy.
Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER - - drug
interactions with mild side effects to life-threatening consequences
CYP450 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibit metabolism, increase
blood levels of medications
CYP450 inhibitors mnemonic ^ drug levels - CORRECT ANSWER - CRACK
AMIGOS
Cimetidine
Ritonavir
Amiodarone
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
Acute Alcohol Use
, Macrolides
Isoniazid
Grapefruit Juice
Omeprazole
Sulfonamides
CYP450 inducers mnemonic - CORRECT ANSWER - Bull Shit CRAP GPS
induces my rage.
Barbiturates
St. John's wort
Carbamzapine
Rifampin
Alcohol (Chronic use)
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 inducers - CORRECT ANSWER - increase rate of metabolism
breaking down more drug. Subsequently reducing the therapeutic concentration
of the drug.
What happens when someone has a poor metabolism phenotype? - CORRECT
ANSWER - medications metabolized slower, medication might not work or put
them at risk for side-effects
What does the US food and drug administration regulate when it comes to
medications? - CORRECT ANSWER - Whether the drug is safe, effective, and
benefits of a drug outweigh the risks
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE
What schedule drugs can APRNs prescribe? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
depends on the governing body in each state. In AZ there are no restrictions on
APRN prescribing by schedule.
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - CORRECT ANSWER
- AZ - State Board of Nursing
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the healthcare
system? - CORRECT ANSWER - Creates numerous barriers to quality
affordable and acessible patient care.
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Be prudent and deliberate in your decision-making process
2. Have a documented provider-patient relationship with the person for whom
you are prescribing
3. Do not prescribe medications for family or friends or for yourself
4. Document a thorough history and physical examination in your records
5.Include any discussions you have with the patient regarding risk factors, side
effects, or therapy options
6. Have a documented plan regarding drug monitoring or titration, if applicable.
What should be used to make prescribing decisions? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Cost, availability, current practice guidelines, medication interactions with food
side effects need for monitoring how drug is metabolized. special populations.
ask if prescriptions are cost prohibitive.
,Be familiar with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of older
adults and how that would translate to baseline information needed to prescribe.
- CORRECT ANSWER - Older adults often metabolize drugs more slowly.
Dosages may need to be adjusted to accommodate age related changes in GI
system, liver function, kidney function, etc.
What is the BEERS criteria? - CORRECT ANSWER - lists potentially
inappropriate drugs that lead to adverse effects in the elderly
why is the BEERS criteria important? - CORRECT ANSWER - It provides a
list of medications that are potentially harmful in elderly. List that identifies
drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults. Beers
Criteria are recommendations; ultimately prescribers must determine whether a
medication is appropriate for use or not. These guidelines are not intended to
limit the use of medications or apply to all older adults. Safe and judicious
prescribing is crucial in the older adult to optimize pharmacotherapy.
Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER - - drug
interactions with mild side effects to life-threatening consequences
CYP450 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - inhibit metabolism, increase
blood levels of medications
CYP450 inhibitors mnemonic ^ drug levels - CORRECT ANSWER - CRACK
AMIGOS
Cimetidine
Ritonavir
Amiodarone
Ciprofloxacin
Ketoconazole
Acute Alcohol Use
, Macrolides
Isoniazid
Grapefruit Juice
Omeprazole
Sulfonamides
CYP450 inducers mnemonic - CORRECT ANSWER - Bull Shit CRAP GPS
induces my rage.
Barbiturates
St. John's wort
Carbamzapine
Rifampin
Alcohol (Chronic use)
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 inducers - CORRECT ANSWER - increase rate of metabolism
breaking down more drug. Subsequently reducing the therapeutic concentration
of the drug.
What happens when someone has a poor metabolism phenotype? - CORRECT
ANSWER - medications metabolized slower, medication might not work or put
them at risk for side-effects
What does the US food and drug administration regulate when it comes to
medications? - CORRECT ANSWER - Whether the drug is safe, effective, and
benefits of a drug outweigh the risks
