NR545 ACTUAL EXAM 1 | WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATED | 100 % RATED
AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | GET AN A+
What is otitis media? - (ANSWER)infection of the middle ear
diagnosis of otitis media - (ANSWER)-examination with otoscope will reveal bulging tympanic
membrane
-fluid bubbles may be observed behind a reddened tympanic membrane
signs and symptoms of otitis media - (ANSWER)-fever, pain; infant may pull at ear
-enlarged lymph nodes
-discharge from ear (if drum is ruptured)
-upper respiratory symptoms
-vomiting, diarrhea
treatment of otitis media - (ANSWER)antibiotics like amoxicillin
What is otitis externa? - (ANSWER)inflammation of external auditory canal aka "swimmer's
ear"
,diagnosis of otitis externa - (ANSWER)Diagnosis is based on inspection - The ear canal usually
appears edematous and erythematous in external otitis. Debris or cerumen is typically yellow,
brown, white, or gray.
treatment for otitis externa - (ANSWER)Topical antibiotic drops to affected ear
(fluoroquinolone or other covering pseudomonas)
What is Rhinovirus? - (ANSWER)common cold
treatment of rhinovirus - (ANSWER)Usually self-limited
No antiviral drugs effective
Relieve symptoms-Nasal vasoconstrictors; Nasal decongestants: eg. Pseudoephedrine,
phenylephrine, Naphazoline etc.
Inhalation of HOT STEAM
Control:
Hand washing and disinfection practice
,What is conjunctivitis? - (ANSWER)pink eye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis - (ANSWER)Red, irritated and discomfort
No change in vision
Mucupurulent exudate
Adhesions in the morning
Erythema
Edema of the lids
Usually starts unilateral and becomes bilateral
signs and symptoms of viral conjunctivitis - (ANSWER)Can present with or without cold
symptoms, itchy, red eyes, and may have clear to no discharge
What is allergic rhinitis? - (ANSWER)inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to exposure to
allergens "hay fever"
signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis - (ANSWER)-Immediate and BILATERAL (both sides)
symptoms
-Itching nose, eyes, mouth
, -sneezing
-congestion, dry mouth from mouth breating
-rhinorrhea
-nasal pruritis / itching - allergic salute
-dark circles, photophobia, conjuctivitis
-fatigue, irritability, malaise, cognitive impairment
Treatment of allergic rhinitis - (ANSWER)antihistamine, glucocorticoids, allergen
immunotherapy such as reduction of seasonal increases of IL-4 and IgE
what is acute sinusitis - (ANSWER)-Infection of the sinuses
often due to URI or allergy (Viral: 5 to 7 days, Bacterial: up to 4 weeks)
what is chronic sinusitis - (ANSWER)Lasting longer then 3 weeks. A persistent infection
usually associated with allergies and nasal polyps. Usually results from repeated episodes of
acute sinusitis that results in irreversible loss of the normal ciliated epithelium lining the sinus
cavity.
signs and symptoms of sinusitis - (ANSWER)1. Increased pressure in the face/nasal area
AND ANSWERS | 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATED | 100 % RATED
AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | GET AN A+
What is otitis media? - (ANSWER)infection of the middle ear
diagnosis of otitis media - (ANSWER)-examination with otoscope will reveal bulging tympanic
membrane
-fluid bubbles may be observed behind a reddened tympanic membrane
signs and symptoms of otitis media - (ANSWER)-fever, pain; infant may pull at ear
-enlarged lymph nodes
-discharge from ear (if drum is ruptured)
-upper respiratory symptoms
-vomiting, diarrhea
treatment of otitis media - (ANSWER)antibiotics like amoxicillin
What is otitis externa? - (ANSWER)inflammation of external auditory canal aka "swimmer's
ear"
,diagnosis of otitis externa - (ANSWER)Diagnosis is based on inspection - The ear canal usually
appears edematous and erythematous in external otitis. Debris or cerumen is typically yellow,
brown, white, or gray.
treatment for otitis externa - (ANSWER)Topical antibiotic drops to affected ear
(fluoroquinolone or other covering pseudomonas)
What is Rhinovirus? - (ANSWER)common cold
treatment of rhinovirus - (ANSWER)Usually self-limited
No antiviral drugs effective
Relieve symptoms-Nasal vasoconstrictors; Nasal decongestants: eg. Pseudoephedrine,
phenylephrine, Naphazoline etc.
Inhalation of HOT STEAM
Control:
Hand washing and disinfection practice
,What is conjunctivitis? - (ANSWER)pink eye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis - (ANSWER)Red, irritated and discomfort
No change in vision
Mucupurulent exudate
Adhesions in the morning
Erythema
Edema of the lids
Usually starts unilateral and becomes bilateral
signs and symptoms of viral conjunctivitis - (ANSWER)Can present with or without cold
symptoms, itchy, red eyes, and may have clear to no discharge
What is allergic rhinitis? - (ANSWER)inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to exposure to
allergens "hay fever"
signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis - (ANSWER)-Immediate and BILATERAL (both sides)
symptoms
-Itching nose, eyes, mouth
, -sneezing
-congestion, dry mouth from mouth breating
-rhinorrhea
-nasal pruritis / itching - allergic salute
-dark circles, photophobia, conjuctivitis
-fatigue, irritability, malaise, cognitive impairment
Treatment of allergic rhinitis - (ANSWER)antihistamine, glucocorticoids, allergen
immunotherapy such as reduction of seasonal increases of IL-4 and IgE
what is acute sinusitis - (ANSWER)-Infection of the sinuses
often due to URI or allergy (Viral: 5 to 7 days, Bacterial: up to 4 weeks)
what is chronic sinusitis - (ANSWER)Lasting longer then 3 weeks. A persistent infection
usually associated with allergies and nasal polyps. Usually results from repeated episodes of
acute sinusitis that results in irreversible loss of the normal ciliated epithelium lining the sinus
cavity.
signs and symptoms of sinusitis - (ANSWER)1. Increased pressure in the face/nasal area
