PSY350 exam 1 Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
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abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotions are those that differ markedly
from a society's ideas about proper functioning
judgements vary from culture to culture based on social norms and
circumstances
deviance
In a family study, scientists examine a behavioral pattern or emotional trait
in the context of the family. What do we call the family member with the
trait of interest that has been singled out?
the proband
When a researcher is concerned about the extent to which the outcomes of
their experiment are the result of the manipulation of the independent
variable, what is the researcher is concerned about?
internal validity
The basis of which approach is manipulation of an independent variable
and examining its effect on a dependent variable?
an experiment
What is one reason that longitudinal studies can be more difficult than
cross-sectional studies to conduct?
Longitudinal studies can take many years to complete.
Dr. Claussen conducts research on early intervention programs for
children and adolescents who are at risk of substance use disorders. All of
this research has been conducted in a university setting under tightly
controlled conditions with highly trained and well-supervised staff. Dr.
Claussen is concerned about how well the research will generalize to the
,community and whether the intervention will be as successful in more
diverse populations. What is Dr. Claussen concerned about?
external validity
During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, some clinicians touted
the use of certain medications for the treatment of COVID based on their
clinical experiences with the drugs. Subsequent controlled research
typically found the medications had no effect on outcomes or, in some
cases, worsened the outcomes. Researchers speculated that the clinicians
who found such encouraging results may have so strongly believed in those
medications that they unconsciously treated the patients who took them
more aggressively. What does this example illustrate?
an allegiance effect
In research, how are dependent variables treated?
they are measured or observed by the researcher
What is an individual's unique genetic makeup called?
genotype
actual traumatic experience; fight or flight reaction to a threatening
stimulus
true alarm
a spontaneous or uncued panic attack; sudden feelings of apprehension,
impending doom, and/or intense fear
false alarm
persistent, intense, and irrational fear and avoidance of social and
performance situations
-fear of negative evaluation or scrutiny
- exposure to trigger leads to anxiety about being humiliated
-called "social phobia"
-onset often adolescence
-more intense and extensive than shyness
social anxiety disorder
fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public without anxiety in
everyday interactions
performance only subtype specification (of social anxiety)
,causes more life disruption than other phobias
social anxiety disorder
common comorbidity is found in: _________ _____________
__________
-overlap in genetic vulnerability for both disordes
avoidant personality disorder
lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder_____%
12.1
________ __________ of social anxiety:
-meeting new people
-dating
-performing in front of others
-talking to authority figures
-overestimating neg consequences
-avoidance and safety behaviors
common behaviors
things that people do before or during anxiety provoking situations to make
themselves feel more comfortable
ex: folding arms, saying little, avoiding words, arriving early, phone use
safety behaviors
using safety behaviors is the major factor maintaining __________
____________
-researchers have found that increased safety behavior use increases
anxiety and leads to others rating person as more awkward and less
likeable
social anxiety
anxiety about inability to flee anxiety-provoking situations
-what if I am there and something bad happens?
-ex. crowds, malls, churches, trains, bridges, tunnels, etc.
agoraphobia
agoraphobia used to be seen as a subtype of __________ __________
-the two disorders can occur independently
panic disorder
, etiology of agoraphobia:
expectations about the catastrophic consequences of having a public panic
attack
-what will people think of me?
-who will come to my aid?
-what will happen to me?
fear of fear hypothesis
most important thing for treatment for phobias
-cornerstone for treatment
-face the situation or object that triggers anxiety
exposure
exposure started off being called _________ ________________
-replace fearful reaction with a calm reaction
-present patient with hierarchy of feared experiences
-then you teach the patient progressive muscle relaxation
-then combine the two^
systematic desensitization
some ________ with systematic desensitization?
-imaginal vs. in vivo experience? in vivo more effective
-gradual or massed exposure?
-relaxation effectiveness not super effective, more the exposure that is
issues
_________ exposure (or flooding exposure) is more effective than gradual
exposure for almost all phobias
-treatment in multiple contexts improves outcomes
massed
_______ group mass exposure was most effective in phobias
small
frequent panic attacks unrelated to specific situations
"sudden intense episode of apprehension, terror, feelings of impending
doom
panic disorder
panic disorder is accompanied by at least ____ other symptoms:
-sweating, nausea, labored breathing, dizziness, heart palpitations, upset
Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
|Already Graded A+|Brand New Version!!
abnormal behavior, thoughts, and emotions are those that differ markedly
from a society's ideas about proper functioning
judgements vary from culture to culture based on social norms and
circumstances
deviance
In a family study, scientists examine a behavioral pattern or emotional trait
in the context of the family. What do we call the family member with the
trait of interest that has been singled out?
the proband
When a researcher is concerned about the extent to which the outcomes of
their experiment are the result of the manipulation of the independent
variable, what is the researcher is concerned about?
internal validity
The basis of which approach is manipulation of an independent variable
and examining its effect on a dependent variable?
an experiment
What is one reason that longitudinal studies can be more difficult than
cross-sectional studies to conduct?
Longitudinal studies can take many years to complete.
Dr. Claussen conducts research on early intervention programs for
children and adolescents who are at risk of substance use disorders. All of
this research has been conducted in a university setting under tightly
controlled conditions with highly trained and well-supervised staff. Dr.
Claussen is concerned about how well the research will generalize to the
,community and whether the intervention will be as successful in more
diverse populations. What is Dr. Claussen concerned about?
external validity
During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, some clinicians touted
the use of certain medications for the treatment of COVID based on their
clinical experiences with the drugs. Subsequent controlled research
typically found the medications had no effect on outcomes or, in some
cases, worsened the outcomes. Researchers speculated that the clinicians
who found such encouraging results may have so strongly believed in those
medications that they unconsciously treated the patients who took them
more aggressively. What does this example illustrate?
an allegiance effect
In research, how are dependent variables treated?
they are measured or observed by the researcher
What is an individual's unique genetic makeup called?
genotype
actual traumatic experience; fight or flight reaction to a threatening
stimulus
true alarm
a spontaneous or uncued panic attack; sudden feelings of apprehension,
impending doom, and/or intense fear
false alarm
persistent, intense, and irrational fear and avoidance of social and
performance situations
-fear of negative evaluation or scrutiny
- exposure to trigger leads to anxiety about being humiliated
-called "social phobia"
-onset often adolescence
-more intense and extensive than shyness
social anxiety disorder
fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public without anxiety in
everyday interactions
performance only subtype specification (of social anxiety)
,causes more life disruption than other phobias
social anxiety disorder
common comorbidity is found in: _________ _____________
__________
-overlap in genetic vulnerability for both disordes
avoidant personality disorder
lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder_____%
12.1
________ __________ of social anxiety:
-meeting new people
-dating
-performing in front of others
-talking to authority figures
-overestimating neg consequences
-avoidance and safety behaviors
common behaviors
things that people do before or during anxiety provoking situations to make
themselves feel more comfortable
ex: folding arms, saying little, avoiding words, arriving early, phone use
safety behaviors
using safety behaviors is the major factor maintaining __________
____________
-researchers have found that increased safety behavior use increases
anxiety and leads to others rating person as more awkward and less
likeable
social anxiety
anxiety about inability to flee anxiety-provoking situations
-what if I am there and something bad happens?
-ex. crowds, malls, churches, trains, bridges, tunnels, etc.
agoraphobia
agoraphobia used to be seen as a subtype of __________ __________
-the two disorders can occur independently
panic disorder
, etiology of agoraphobia:
expectations about the catastrophic consequences of having a public panic
attack
-what will people think of me?
-who will come to my aid?
-what will happen to me?
fear of fear hypothesis
most important thing for treatment for phobias
-cornerstone for treatment
-face the situation or object that triggers anxiety
exposure
exposure started off being called _________ ________________
-replace fearful reaction with a calm reaction
-present patient with hierarchy of feared experiences
-then you teach the patient progressive muscle relaxation
-then combine the two^
systematic desensitization
some ________ with systematic desensitization?
-imaginal vs. in vivo experience? in vivo more effective
-gradual or massed exposure?
-relaxation effectiveness not super effective, more the exposure that is
issues
_________ exposure (or flooding exposure) is more effective than gradual
exposure for almost all phobias
-treatment in multiple contexts improves outcomes
massed
_______ group mass exposure was most effective in phobias
small
frequent panic attacks unrelated to specific situations
"sudden intense episode of apprehension, terror, feelings of impending
doom
panic disorder
panic disorder is accompanied by at least ____ other symptoms:
-sweating, nausea, labored breathing, dizziness, heart palpitations, upset
