BIOD 151 Final Exam Essential Human Anatomy and Physiology
Most Recent exam COMPLETE (2026) EXAM Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026) Graded A+
Page | 1
(All original questions. Answers marked with a green check. Rationales included.)
1. Which level of organization comes directly after cells?
A. Organ systems
B. Tissues
C. Organs
D. Molecules
Rationale:
Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism.
2. The plasma membrane is primarily made of:
A. Proteins only
B. Carbohydrates
C. Phospholipids and proteins
D. Cholesterol only
Rationale:
The membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout.
3. Which organelle produces ATP?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Rationale:
Mitochondria are the “powerhouse” of the cell.
4. The tissue type that lines body cavities is:
A. Muscle
B. Nervous
EXAMPREPMASTER
, C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
5. Which layer of skin contains blood vessels?
Page | 2
A. Epidermis
B. Stratum corneum
C. Dermis
D. Stratum basale
Rationale:
The epidermis is avascular; the dermis contains vessels.
6. The structural unit of bone is the:
A. Sarcomere
B. Osteon (Haversian system)
C. Trabecula
D. Lamella
7. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?
A. Insulin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Calcitonin
D. ADH
8. The sliding filament model refers to:
A. Bone growth
B. Neuron myelination
C. Muscle contraction via actin–myosin interaction
D. Mitosis
9. Which ion triggers muscle contraction?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
D. Magnesium
EXAMPREPMASTER
, 10. The functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A. Axon
B. Synapse
Page | 3 C. Neuron
D. Dendrite
11. Which part of the brain regulates homeostasis?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla
D. Occipital lobe
12. The endocrine system releases:
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Enzymes
C. Hormones into blood circulation
D. Electrolytes
13. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the body?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
14. Gas exchange occurs in the:
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Bronchioles
D. Alveoli
15. The main muscle for inspiration is the:
A. Internal intercostals
B. External obliques
EXAMPREPMASTER
Most Recent exam COMPLETE (2026) EXAM Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026) Graded A+
Page | 1
(All original questions. Answers marked with a green check. Rationales included.)
1. Which level of organization comes directly after cells?
A. Organ systems
B. Tissues
C. Organs
D. Molecules
Rationale:
Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism.
2. The plasma membrane is primarily made of:
A. Proteins only
B. Carbohydrates
C. Phospholipids and proteins
D. Cholesterol only
Rationale:
The membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout.
3. Which organelle produces ATP?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome
Rationale:
Mitochondria are the “powerhouse” of the cell.
4. The tissue type that lines body cavities is:
A. Muscle
B. Nervous
EXAMPREPMASTER
, C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue
5. Which layer of skin contains blood vessels?
Page | 2
A. Epidermis
B. Stratum corneum
C. Dermis
D. Stratum basale
Rationale:
The epidermis is avascular; the dermis contains vessels.
6. The structural unit of bone is the:
A. Sarcomere
B. Osteon (Haversian system)
C. Trabecula
D. Lamella
7. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels?
A. Insulin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Calcitonin
D. ADH
8. The sliding filament model refers to:
A. Bone growth
B. Neuron myelination
C. Muscle contraction via actin–myosin interaction
D. Mitosis
9. Which ion triggers muscle contraction?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium (Ca²⁺)
D. Magnesium
EXAMPREPMASTER
, 10. The functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A. Axon
B. Synapse
Page | 3 C. Neuron
D. Dendrite
11. Which part of the brain regulates homeostasis?
A. Cerebellum
B. Hypothalamus
C. Medulla
D. Occipital lobe
12. The endocrine system releases:
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Enzymes
C. Hormones into blood circulation
D. Electrolytes
13. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the body?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
14. Gas exchange occurs in the:
A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Bronchioles
D. Alveoli
15. The main muscle for inspiration is the:
A. Internal intercostals
B. External obliques
EXAMPREPMASTER
