WGU EKO1 D256|Critical Thinking Reason and Evidence: Objective Assessment| Questions with Correct Answers

WGU EKO1 D256|Critical Thinking Reason and Evidence: Objective Assessment| Questions with Correct Answers 1. Blake lives in Hawaii, so she must spend her weekends surfing. Which two statements accurately summarize the argument? Choose 2 answers A. The argument includes a single premise. B. The argument includes a single conclusion. C. The argument would need to be mapped using a tree diagram D. The argument includes conjoint support 2. Which is an example of a proposition? A. Get me some food to eat. B. The grass is green in color, C. Where is the study table kept? D. Let us go to a birthday party 3. Which statement is a non-proposition A. Do not work on that essay. B. The Earth is Nat. C. Red is a primary color. D. The Sun is a star, 4. What is the key feature of a simple proposition? A. Truth value depends on its parts B. Contains multiple propositions C. An internal structure D. No internal structure 5. Which is a simple proposition? A. I am a bird or I am a human. B. Empathy should be practiced by everyone. C. The person had cake, but did not enjoy it. D. Either I am smart, or they are fools and do not understand the issue. 6. All bears are wild Smokey is a bear. Therefore. Smokey is wild .Which term describes fins argument? A. Inductive B. Deductive C. invalid D. Abductive 7. A student states:’’ Road A is straight. Road B is winding, Roads A and B intersect.’’ Which term describes this type of argument? A. Non-argument B. True argument C. Inductive argument D. Invalid argument 8. A professor at logic stated un arithmetic argument can be valid or invalid because of the structure of the argument? They gave an example of 1 + 1 = 2, 4 - 2 = 2 hence, 1 + 1 =4-2 What structure represents the premises? A. A+C = B,D + B= C B. A +B= C,B+ D = F C. A+B = C,D+E = F D. A +B= C,D+E= C 9. I am tall, than I am last / am fast Therefore, I am tall Which type of logic error is this an example of? Begging the question Affirming the consequent Denying the antecedent The fallacy fallacy 10. Which kind of fallacy arises when the premise of an argument presupposes the truth of the conclusion, rather than providing evidence for it? A. Genetic B. Red Heming C. Begging the question D. Straw man 11. Two friends discussed pets and made two statements Friend 1. "More people I know have dogs than any other pets, so dogs are the most popular pets." Frend 2 The argument relies on the fallacy of anecdotal evidence to support this claim, so I can’t be correct that dogs ere popular pets. Which type of fallacy is Frand 2 committing? A. Hasty generalization fallacy B. Straw man fallacy C. Bandwagon fallacy D. The fallacy-fallacy 12. Some penguins live on Antarctica; therefore penguins are not birds." Which type of fallacy is occurring in the above given scenario? A. False dilemmas B. Genetic C. Irrelevant appeal D. Ad Populum 13 If I am a scientist, then l am intelligent. I am not a scientist. Therefore. I am not intelligent Which type of logic error is this an example of? A. Denying the antecedent B. The fallacy fallacy C. Affirming the consequent D. Begging the question 14. An information source states that it is the only source of real information and that other sources cannot be trusted. What does this suggest in regard to the source's credibility? A. The source is concerned with telling the true story rather than fake news, B. The source is independent and therefore reliable, C. The source has a unique perspective that is more accurate and reliable than others. C. The source lacks credibility. 15. A young individual reads an article on social media titled "Unemployment on the Rise," and becomes vary worried for their job prospects. Later, the individual notices that article was six years old. And therefore not relevant to the current state of things. What phrase was coined by Danah Boyd and relates to the scenario? A. Context collapse B. Appeal to unqualified authority C. Representativeness heuristic D. Availability heuristic 16. Two opposing political campaigns pail the public about an issue The campaigns' poll results are very different from each other and support their on positions on the issue release What accounts for the different results in this scenario? A. Bias due to funding source B. Deep fakes C. Ideological bias in the news media D. Sensationalist bias in the news media 17. What is confirmation bas? A. The natural tendency to seek evidence that supports personal beliefs and ignore evidence that gets in the way of those belief. B. A self reflective process in which an individual challenge their own beliefs lo ensure they are correct C. The rational way to think about a solution based on reason and evidence D. The effort to interpret others' reasoning in the best possible light to debate on the merits of an argument and avoid fallacies 18. An individual enters a bank wearing a mask for medical reasons. A bank employee becomes concerned when the individual enters and calls the bank's emergency security line thinking the individual was a bank robber. Why did the bank employees react the way that they did? A. Anchoring bias B. Confirmation bias C. Irrationality D. Representativeness heuristic 19. A reporter asks a politician in a press conference about the increased crime rate in the city, to which the politician answers - 'Rate of crime has increased in tha city recently, but the weather has changed as well changing over time. Sometimes these things cannot be predicted or contributed to any single reason' Which fallacy was committed by the politician in the scenario given above? Ad hogg inem Straw man Red herring Genetic 20. A politician faced with questions about the failing stock market says in a press conference. The stock market must go up this year because people will be unhappy Which fallacy is being committed by the politician? A. Appeal to popularity fallacy B. Red herring fallacy C. Appeal to consequences fallacy D. Genetic fallacy 21. A witness is testifying against a defendant in a court case during cross examination the defense attorney brings up economic & tax fraud committed by the What is the reason for this not being an ad hominem attack in the given scenario? A. Because the lawyer is trying to find out the origin of an idea to reject or accept the witness's claim. B. Because the lawyer is checking the creditability of the witness. C. Because the lawyer is not using a threat to compel agreement from the witness. D. Because the lawyer is trying to introduce an irrelevant topic in the argument. 22. There are many different sources of information, the internet, social media posts, podcasts, videos, news articles, and countless other n What is the best way to get a picture of the source of information? A. Look at a variety of primary sources. B. Look for quotes from a qualified person. C. Ensure the information makes sense. D. Stick to only one source you trust. 23. Most people today believe the Earth is round. Members of the International Flat Earth Society believe that the Earth is fat Suppose someone begins to research the question of the Earth’s shape. Which sources are reliable? Choose 2 answers A. A published collection of photographs taken by astronauts on space missions over the last 20 years B. Opinion pieces published by members of the International Flat Earth Society. C. A book that argues that the belief that the Earth is round was spread by individuals like Isaac Newton, Neil Armstrong, and Galileo, who wanted to replace religion. D. Models of what the night sky looks like for each point of view. E. A documentary about scientific hoaxes about space funded by the International Flat Earth Society. 24. Which factor is least important in evaluating an internet information source? A. Whether the author is an expert in the relevant subject B. Whether the site is professional and well designed C. Whether the study can be verified by an independent source D. Whether the information is funded by an interested party 25. An individual wants to conduct an anonymous survey to determine what percentage of the population drinks alcohol daily, so the module formulates the for least one dank a day' Participants must select "true" or 'false" Which statement is true of this study question? A. It is not good because it fails to consider the participant's motives. B. It is good because the study is anonymous. C. it is not good because the question may lead participants to answer in a certain way. D. It is good because it addresses the central issue in the study 26. What is anchoring and adjustment bias? A. It is the natural tendency to seek evidence that supports personal beliefs and ignore evidence that gets in the way of those belief B. It is a bias in which an individual categorizes a new situation based on the nearest prototype or experience in their mind. C. It is an effort to interpret others' reasoning in the bast possible light. D. An opinion is attached on the first piece of information about a new domain and renders future information less important. 27. What is "satisficing" in behavioral economics? A. The curate and personalized version of online reality that a website shows you when you lo B. To make choices that are enough to achieve one's needs. C. It can be a shortcut, a rule of thumb, or a strategy ready to use. D. It is an effort to interpret others' reasoning in the best possible light. 28. example shows confirmation bias? A. A person may think a $30,000 car is inexpensive if they see an $85,000 car. B. Someone ignores new studies that contradict their beliefs, while accepting new studies that agree with their beliefs. C. An individual succeeds in a job interview. They believe that they succeeded because they were the top candidate. In reality, they were the only per D. A student didn't study for an exam and received a low grade. Now the student is not going to study on future exams. contradict their beliefs, while accepting new studies that agree with their beliefs. 29. When does confirmation bias occur? A. When one looks for information to support their existing beliefs and rejects data contrary to their belief, leading to biased decisions. B. When one places too much faith in their knowledge and opinions, and they believe their contribution to a decision is more valuable than it is. C. A systemic error that occurs when people allow their interpretation of information in the world around them to affect their judgments and decisions. D. A tendency to make final judgments on information acquired early in a decision-making process that, otherwise known as jumping la conclusions. 30. What is cognitive bias? A. A tendency to make final judgments on information acquired early in a decision-making process, otherwise known as jumping to conclusions. B. A systemic error that occurs when people allow their interpretation of information in the world around them to affect their judgments and decisions. C. When one places to much faith in their knowledge and opinions, they believe their contribution to a decision is more valuable than it is. D. When one looks for information to support their existing beliefs and rejects data contrary to their beliefs, leading to biased decisions. 31. Which example is free of the impact bias? A. A likeable person is censured due to poor performance. B. People from certain races or groups are treated differently. C. A likeable individual is promoted with no credibility. D. Valuable advice is rejected because of who is giving the advice. 32. An individual who smokes frequently reads a report that claims smoking causes lung cancer However, they deny the claims made in the report. They later bring up another report which clasts that hare is no direct book smoking and lung cancer They clam this study is accurate, supporting their conviction that smoking has no negative affects What aspect of bias is this person exhibiting? A. Negativity bias B. Outcome bias C. Confirmation bias D. Anchoring bias 33. Which statement is correct about exhibiting a bias? A. If a statement is reasonable, it is unbiased. B. It's safe to assume that someone else's beliefs are due to bias. C. A person may be inclined to believe a particular conclusion over others. D. Sports enthusiasm is the primary occurrence of bias in human reasoning. 34. What is a characteristic of System 2 thinking? A. It results in a less emotional response than System 1, B. It involves faster thinking than System 1, C. It results in a more biased response than System 1. D. It involves a reliance on associative thinking. 35. Which statement correctly compares system 1 and system 2 thinking? A. System 1 is analytical while system 2 is intuitive, B. System 1 thinking is more accurate and system 2 thinking is less accurate. C. System 1 thinking is spontaneous, and system 2 thinking is conscious. D. System 1 thinking is learned while system 2 thinking is innate. 36. What is the type of bias in play when people rely too heavily on the fust piece of Information they hear? A. Informative bias B. Confirmation bias C. Anchoring bias D. Mental heuristic 37. Which result can narrow framing lead to? A. Poor decision-making B. More accurate perspectives C. Deeper understanding D. More Thorough analyses 38. An employee meets with his boss and claims a coworker is bullying him. The boss asks the employes for evidence to support his claims. He argues that it is the boss’s. Which fallacy of presumption is reacted in the statement A. Ad hominern B. Burden of proof C. Card stacking D. Slippery slope 39. A political candidate is maligned by an opponent for having experimented with recreational drugs in coverage Which fallacy of relevance is this an example of? A. Straw man B. Slippery slope C. Ad hominem attack D. Circular reasoning 40. What s another term for the bandwagon fallacy? A. Appeal to common belief B. Appeal to consequences C• Appeal to emotion D. Appeal to ignorance 41. Which fallacy describes anything which misrepresents or diverts attention away from a pertinent or crucial subject? A. Genetic fallacy B. Red Hering fallacy C. False dilemma fallacy D. Straw man fallacy 42. Which common fallacy is based on conclusions formed only on a person's or concept's past, source, or origins, instead of its significance a pertinence at the A. Faulty generalization B. Red Herring fallacy C. Genetic fallacy D. Straw man fallacy 43. Which situation illustrates the burden of proof fallacy? A. A person says, "We cannot cut military spending because cuts will embolden our enemies and make us vulnerable to an attack" B. A person says, "Since you haven’t been able to lose weight, I will assume you are not following the diet plan." C. A brother says to his sister, "All you do Is talk!" The sister responds to her brother by saying, "You never stop talking" D. An individual claims to have seen an alien spacecraft Instead of providing supporting evidence, this individual suggests NASA must do so. 44. Pat has a college degree, so she must make a lot of money What is the unstated assumption in this argument? A. Everyone with a college degree is happy. B. Pat learned valuable skills in college. C. Pat works in a lucrative industry. D. Everyone with a college degree makes a lot of money. 45. The dinosaur Apatosaurus, according to some paleontologists, may have been able to gallop. Fossilized bones are researched to determine how much stress they could endure before fracturing It is determined that the apatosaurus leg bones wouldn't have been able to withstand the stress of galloping when factoring in the dinosaur's size and weight. Which conclusion can be made based on the information provided? A. Fossilized bones are weaker than real bones. B. Paleontologists' assertion that Apatosaurus could gallop is probably untrue. C. The size and weight of the Apatosaurus must have been tess thalay origingally a thoughts D. Apatosaurus' legs would have likely been damaged when they would gallop. 46. A child researches information on pyramids and makes the statement, "Bly research suggests the Pyramids are located an Egypt" Which part of an argument does this situation lustrate? A. Inference B. Premise C. Conclusion D. Sub-inference 47. Mammals have warm bodies Whales have war blood Mammals include whales Mammals include humans Which part of thus argument can be identified as the conclusion? A. Mammals include humans. B. Mammals have warm-blooded bodies. C. Mammals include whales. D. Whales have warm blood. 48. 1. Coastal cities should run more tsunami drills in then communes Scientists have reason to believe the likelihood of tsunamis is increasing Scientific research over the past year shows an increase in underwater earthquakes Which statement identifies the sub-premise, the main premise, and the main conclusion? A. 1 is the conclusion 2 is a premise 3 is a sub-premise B. 1 is a premise 2 is the conclusion 3 is a sub-premise C. 1 is a premise 2 l a sub-premise 3 is the conclusion D. 1 is a sub-premise 2 is a premise 3 is the conclusion 49. a teacher makes the following argument The floor is covered with pieces of paper The cat has a fiery piece of paper in is fur Therefore, the cat ripple up the paper The cat is trisky and playful Which statement is the conclusion? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 50. 1. The universe is structured 2. missing premise 3. A higher power has planned the universe. Which missing premise makes the argument valid? A. 2) Every system needs a leader. B. 2) The universe planned by a higher power and humans. C. 2) Every structured system needs a planner. D. 2) The universe needs a planner, 51. A science teacher explains the concept of temperature and makes the following argument "The temperature of the water is 100' Celsius. Therefore, it can be used that the water is bod Which missing premise makes the argument void ? A. There is high atmosphere pressure in this case. B. The boiling point of water is 100* Celsius. C. Celsius is different than Fahrenheit. D. The temperature is very high.