DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
An AV/V fistula is preferred access for hemodialysis because:
a. There is a lower incidence of complications
b. Surgeons are more experience and prefer creating AV fistulas
c. There is a lower incidence of thrombosis
d. Both A and C - ANSWER d. Both A and C
The pressure difference between the blood side and the dialysate side of the dialyzer is
called
a. Ultrafiltration Factor
b. Dialysate Flow Rate
c. Transmembrane Pressure
d. Urea Reduction Ration - ANSWER c. Transmembrane Pressure
What is the best way to prepare an access for cannulation
a. Scrub with a gauze or pad soaked with a germicidal agent in a circular motion from the
outside inward
b. Scrub in a circular motion from the inside to the outside and allow the recommended
time for skin contact before cannulation
c. rub vigorously up and down the area to be cannulated then insert the needle
1
,d. No further preparation is required if the patient has just washed their access -
ANSWER b. Scrub in a circular motion from the inside to the outside and allow the
recommended time for skin contact before cannulation
Which of the following statements is not true about the Nephron?
a. the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
b. nephrons process about 7500 mL of filtrates per hour
c. a nephron is composed of renal tubules and collecting ducts
d. nephrons are located in the bladder - ANSWER d. nephrons are located in the
bladder
Mr. Pitt is always joking. He usually requests to be called "Bob". He presents today very quiet
and when you called him "bob" he did not respond. How would you further investigate this
change in behavior?
a. go get the nurse without further investigation
b. put him on and worry about it later
c. ask a few open ended questions that would indicate whether there is a personal issue
d. nothing he simply may not to talk today - ANSWER c. ask a few open ended
questions that would indicate whether there is a personal issue
Which of the following statements is not true about renal tubules?
a. approximatel 66% of water from the filtrate is reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule
b. loop of Henle reabsorbs sodium chloride which promotes water conservation in times of
dehydration
c. distal convoluted tubule maintains balance in the liver
d. both a and c - ANSWER d. both a and c
2
,Stage 5 CKD is defined by a GFR of
a. >90 mL
b. <15 mL
c. 30-59 mL
d. 15-29 mL - ANSWER b. <15 mL
Hypernatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration of a above 146mEQ/L. It is
manifested by:
a. intense thirst, flushed skin, dry mucus membrane
b. headaches, seizures, muscle cramps
c. fever
d. agitation, low body temperature - ANSWER a. intense thirst, flushed skin, dry mucus
membrane
Which of the following are symptoms of uremia:
a. fatigue, weakness, mental confusion
b. flu like symptoms
c. metallic taste in the mouth
d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
Factors to be considered in managing nutrition of ESRD patients are:
a. comorbid conditions
b. laboratory date
c. medications
3
, d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
Mr. Peterson experience an episode of hypotension. He is symptomatic. He only has 10
minutes left of his run and the nurse indicates to take him off. The UF goal was 1.4kg and the
machine indicates that 1.3kg was removed his weight 0.8 below his dry weight. What is the
possible cause(s) for the variance?
a. the pre weight was inaccurate
b. the math calculated for fluid removal was wrong
c. the patient was not wearing the same clothing while weighing both ties
d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
Elevated Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) can cause which of the following conditions:
a. uremia
b. pericarditis
c. nephritis
d. renal osteodystrophy - ANSWER d. renal osteodystrophy
def: Depletion of bone minerals
Hypokalemia is manifested by
a. muscle weakness and paralysis
b. cardiac arrhythmia
c. tingling of lips and fingers
d. both a and b - ANSWER d. both a and b
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An AV/V fistula is preferred access for hemodialysis because:
a. There is a lower incidence of complications
b. Surgeons are more experience and prefer creating AV fistulas
c. There is a lower incidence of thrombosis
d. Both A and C - ANSWER d. Both A and C
The pressure difference between the blood side and the dialysate side of the dialyzer is
called
a. Ultrafiltration Factor
b. Dialysate Flow Rate
c. Transmembrane Pressure
d. Urea Reduction Ration - ANSWER c. Transmembrane Pressure
What is the best way to prepare an access for cannulation
a. Scrub with a gauze or pad soaked with a germicidal agent in a circular motion from the
outside inward
b. Scrub in a circular motion from the inside to the outside and allow the recommended
time for skin contact before cannulation
c. rub vigorously up and down the area to be cannulated then insert the needle
1
,d. No further preparation is required if the patient has just washed their access -
ANSWER b. Scrub in a circular motion from the inside to the outside and allow the
recommended time for skin contact before cannulation
Which of the following statements is not true about the Nephron?
a. the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney
b. nephrons process about 7500 mL of filtrates per hour
c. a nephron is composed of renal tubules and collecting ducts
d. nephrons are located in the bladder - ANSWER d. nephrons are located in the
bladder
Mr. Pitt is always joking. He usually requests to be called "Bob". He presents today very quiet
and when you called him "bob" he did not respond. How would you further investigate this
change in behavior?
a. go get the nurse without further investigation
b. put him on and worry about it later
c. ask a few open ended questions that would indicate whether there is a personal issue
d. nothing he simply may not to talk today - ANSWER c. ask a few open ended
questions that would indicate whether there is a personal issue
Which of the following statements is not true about renal tubules?
a. approximatel 66% of water from the filtrate is reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule
b. loop of Henle reabsorbs sodium chloride which promotes water conservation in times of
dehydration
c. distal convoluted tubule maintains balance in the liver
d. both a and c - ANSWER d. both a and c
2
,Stage 5 CKD is defined by a GFR of
a. >90 mL
b. <15 mL
c. 30-59 mL
d. 15-29 mL - ANSWER b. <15 mL
Hypernatremia is defined as a plasma sodium concentration of a above 146mEQ/L. It is
manifested by:
a. intense thirst, flushed skin, dry mucus membrane
b. headaches, seizures, muscle cramps
c. fever
d. agitation, low body temperature - ANSWER a. intense thirst, flushed skin, dry mucus
membrane
Which of the following are symptoms of uremia:
a. fatigue, weakness, mental confusion
b. flu like symptoms
c. metallic taste in the mouth
d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
Factors to be considered in managing nutrition of ESRD patients are:
a. comorbid conditions
b. laboratory date
c. medications
3
, d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
Mr. Peterson experience an episode of hypotension. He is symptomatic. He only has 10
minutes left of his run and the nurse indicates to take him off. The UF goal was 1.4kg and the
machine indicates that 1.3kg was removed his weight 0.8 below his dry weight. What is the
possible cause(s) for the variance?
a. the pre weight was inaccurate
b. the math calculated for fluid removal was wrong
c. the patient was not wearing the same clothing while weighing both ties
d. all of the above - ANSWER d. all of the above
Elevated Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) can cause which of the following conditions:
a. uremia
b. pericarditis
c. nephritis
d. renal osteodystrophy - ANSWER d. renal osteodystrophy
def: Depletion of bone minerals
Hypokalemia is manifested by
a. muscle weakness and paralysis
b. cardiac arrhythmia
c. tingling of lips and fingers
d. both a and b - ANSWER d. both a and b
4
