Hematology EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

Hematology EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Carboxyhemaglobin - Answer- Hemoglobin disorder in which hgb has a higher affinity for carbon monoxide than for oxygen. The Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve shifts left, patient is hypoxemic, and blood appears bright red. Methemoglobin - Answer- Hemoglobin disorder in which the iron molecule of hgb is oxidized into Fe+3, causing a left shift in the Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve. Blood becomes brown colored. Hemoglobin - Answer- This molecule transports oxygen from the capillary beds of the lungs to the body tissues Oxygen saturation - Answer- The ratio of oxygen bound to hemoglobin Measured with a pulse oximeter 2,3 DPG - Answer- This enzyme stimulates oxygen release from hemoglobin when blood pH is low (hypoxic/acidotic). Erythropoiesis - Answer- The production and formation of red blood cells Reticulocyte - Answer- The stage of red blood cell development just prior to maturation Metarubricyte - Answer- A red blood cell more immature than a reticulocyte Rubriblast - Answer- The most immature stage of red blood cell development Leukocytosis - Answer- Medical term for an increase in white blood cells Leukopenia - Answer- Medical term for a decreased number of white blood cells Neutrophil - Answer- Granulocyte that functions in phagocytosis, secretion of mediators of inflammation, antibacterial properties, and microbiocidal action Eosinophil - Answer- Granulocyte that functions in phagocytosis, parasiticidal action, and allergy reactions Basophil - Answer- Granulocyte that functions in inflammation and parasiticidal action, and release histamines Circulating pool - Answer- Consists of freely moving neutrophils, this is the pool sampled from when blood is drawn Marginal pool - Answer- Consists of neutrophils that are "stuck" to the walls of small vessels Neutrophils from this pool will be sampled more often in a stressed animal Heterophil - Answer- Neutrophils in other species that are elongated and have red staining granules Band neutrophil - Answer- Immature neutrophil that is slightly darker staining and with a horseshoe shaped, symmetrical nucleus with rounded ends Left shift - Answer- An increase in band neutrophils in the peripheral blood, resulting from an increased demand for neutrophils due to infection. Barr body - Answer- Represents a remnant of the X chromosome and indicates the animal is female Small protrusion on the nucleus of a neutrophil Lymphocyte - Answer- An agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection Only leukocyte that recirculates B cell - Answer- A type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies T cell - Answer- A type of lymphocyte that produces lymphokines, the mediates of cellular immunity Lymphoblast - Answer- An immature lymphocyte that should never be seen in the circulating blood -- usually indicates cancer is present in the patient. Monocyte - Answer- An agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection The largest leukocyte, has a very irregular nucleus and sometimes contains vacuoles Macrophage - Answer- Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces Macrocytosis - Answer- Increased number of larger than normal cells, indicative of immature cells present in the blood likely resulting from regenerative anemia. Microcytosis - Answer- Increased numbers of smaller than normal red blood cells, indicative of the presence of spherocytes May occur in IMHA Normocytic - Answer- Refers to normal sized (mature) erythrocytes Term used to describe a normal MCV value (66-77 fL) Anisocytosis - Answer- A general presence of variation in cell size Normochromic - Answer- Term used to describe a normal MCHC value Cells stain pink with an area of central pallor Polychromasia - Answer- Medical term used to describe cells with a bluish tint because of remaining organelles in the cytoplasm Hypochromasia - Answer- Lack or decrease in staining intensity because of a decrease in cellular hemoglobin Term for a low MCHC value Poikilocytosis - Answer- A general presence of variation in cell shape Common in pigs Acanthocytes - Answer- Cells with irregularly shaped margins/projections from the cell wall Commonly seen with liver disease, hemangiosarcoma, poor technique Schistocytes - Answer- Fragmented red blood cells Clots in the vessels result in RBCs getting damaged and fragmented as they pass through Seen with DIC, vascular neoplasia, and bad heartworm disease Echinocytes - Answer- Also called burr cells, these red blood cells have regular spine-like projections from all surfaces of the cell, appear fuzzy Commonly seen in renal disease and lymphosarcoma Crenation - Answer- Term used to describe misshapen red blood cells, often due to poor technique Target cell - Answer- Also called a Mexican Hat cell, the membrane folds over and becomes distorted Commonly seen in liver disease Spherocytes - Answer- Small, dense, and dark staining cells that lack central pallor Suggestive of IMHA, toxins, and infectious disorders May be seen in mismatched blood transfusions Hallmark sign of hemolysis in a dog