MICR 290 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED) ALREADY
GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION 2026/2027
"What is the second phase in untreated Lyme disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Neurological
symptoms"
"What is the third phase in untreated Lyme disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Severe arthritis"
"What disease is the most reported vector-borne disease in the U.S.? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Lyme disease"
"How is infectious mononucleosis/kissing disease transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Saliva"
"What age demographic is more likely to contract infectious mononucleosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Teens, young adults"
"What is the first phase in untreated Lyme disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Bull's eye rash"
"How is cytomegalovirus transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Direct contact with body fluids
or transplacentally"
"What teratogenic characteristic is associated with cytomegalovirus? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Hearing loss"
"Why is vaccine development for cytomegalovirus crucial for pregnant women? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> It's teratogenic"
"What Plasmodium species cause malaria? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Falciparum, vivac, ovale,
malariae, knowlesi"
"Malaria is ___ throughout tropics and subtropics - CORRECT ANSWER=> endemic"
"Which plasmodium species causes the most severe form of malaria? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Plasmodium falciparum"
Page | 1
,"Why is it difficult to treat malaria? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Some Plasmodium strains are
resistant to drugs"
"Streptokinases ___ ___ blood clots - CORRECT ANSWER=> break down"
"The presence of a pseudo membrane in the airways is indicative of what disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Diphtheria"
"The diphtheria toxin prevents the synthesis of ___ causing cell death - CORRECT ANSWER=>
polypeptide"
"African Viral Hemorrhagic fever (ebola) primarily occurs where? Is it
endemic/epidemic/pandemic? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Africa, endemic"
"How is African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Contact with
bodily fluids of infected individuals"
"DTaP vaccine is the vaccine of choice for what age group? - CORRECT ANSWER=> children"
"Tdap vaccine is the vaccine of choice for what age group? - CORRECT ANSWER=> adults"
"Tdap vaccine protects against what three life threatening diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough)"
"What drug is the antibiotic of choice for Pneumococcal pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
PCN"
"Is a vaccine available for tuberculosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Yes (BCG vaccine)"
"What are the four phases of pertussis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> incubation, catarrhal,
paroxysmal, convalescent"
"What is the most common childhood respiratory disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV)"
"What enzyme does Helicobacter pylori have that defends it from stomach acid? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Urease"
"What physiological condition may worsen ulcer symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Stress"
Page | 2
,"How are peptic ulcers transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> fecal-oral"
"Treatment of peptic ulcers includes antimicrobial drugs and ___ ___ inhibitors. - CORRECT
ANSWER=> stomach acid"
"How do the toxins of helicobacter pylori contribute to its virulence? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Damages gastric mucosa"
"Is a vaccine available for pneumococcal pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Yes"
"What color is the sputum of individuals infected with pneumococcal pneumonia? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Rust"
"What is the most common cause of diarrhea that sends people to the doctor in the US? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> Bacterial gastroenteritis (Campylobacter diarrhea)"
"Campylobacter jejuni is commonly associated with... - CORRECT ANSWER=> poultry"
"Why is Antimicrobial Associated Diarrhea difficult to treat? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Multiple
antibiotics resistance"
"What occurs in severe cases of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Pseudomembranous colitis"
"What bacteria is a member of human intestinal microbiota, but can cause life threatening
disease if given the opportunity to germinate? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Clostridium difficile"
"What virulence factors help S. aureus cause food poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER=> 5
enterotoxins (released in food, do not change taste)"
"Bacterial food poisoning usually occurs in ___ hours from when toxin is ingested - CORRECT
ANSWER=> 4"
"What physical characteristic is indicative of the mumps? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Painful
swelling of the salivary glands (Classically the parotid)"
"Is a vaccine for rotavirus available? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Yes"
Page | 3
, "What is the #1 cause of infant deaths resulting from diarrhea in the world? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Rotavirus"
"Which hepatitis have vaccines? - CORRECT ANSWER=> HAV and HBV"
"___ bacteria are the most common cause of bacterial UTI - CORRECT ANSWER=> Enteric
(Relating to the intestines)"
"Bacterial UTI is most common in ___, especially _ to _ year olds - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Females, 3, 4"
"What typically triggers infection of C. difficile and causes Antimicrobial Associated Diarrhea? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> Antimicrobial treatment"
"What happens to individuals inflicted with staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome if left
untreated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Hypovolemic shock"
"What female hygiene items was associated with staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> superabsorbent tampons"
"Most cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome occur in ___ ___ ___ - CORRECT
ANSWER=> young menstruating females"
"Patients can develop toxemia from microbes releasing toxins from sites such as ___ or ___ -
CORRECT ANSWER=> Tampons, IUD"
"What sign is indicative of bacterial vaginosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> White vaginal discharge
and fishy odor"
"What types of bacteria can cause bacterial vaginosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Anaerobic"
"What characteristics are of epidemiological concern regarding bacterial vaginosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Individuals with multiple sex partners, vaginal douching"
"How is bacterial vaginosis treated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Oral or vaginal metronidazole"
"How is vaginal yeast infection treated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Azole or fluconazole
(Diflucan)"
Page | 4
DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED) ALREADY
GRADED A+ | LATEST VERSION 2026/2027
"What is the second phase in untreated Lyme disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Neurological
symptoms"
"What is the third phase in untreated Lyme disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Severe arthritis"
"What disease is the most reported vector-borne disease in the U.S.? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Lyme disease"
"How is infectious mononucleosis/kissing disease transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Saliva"
"What age demographic is more likely to contract infectious mononucleosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Teens, young adults"
"What is the first phase in untreated Lyme disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Bull's eye rash"
"How is cytomegalovirus transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Direct contact with body fluids
or transplacentally"
"What teratogenic characteristic is associated with cytomegalovirus? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Hearing loss"
"Why is vaccine development for cytomegalovirus crucial for pregnant women? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> It's teratogenic"
"What Plasmodium species cause malaria? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Falciparum, vivac, ovale,
malariae, knowlesi"
"Malaria is ___ throughout tropics and subtropics - CORRECT ANSWER=> endemic"
"Which plasmodium species causes the most severe form of malaria? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Plasmodium falciparum"
Page | 1
,"Why is it difficult to treat malaria? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Some Plasmodium strains are
resistant to drugs"
"Streptokinases ___ ___ blood clots - CORRECT ANSWER=> break down"
"The presence of a pseudo membrane in the airways is indicative of what disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Diphtheria"
"The diphtheria toxin prevents the synthesis of ___ causing cell death - CORRECT ANSWER=>
polypeptide"
"African Viral Hemorrhagic fever (ebola) primarily occurs where? Is it
endemic/epidemic/pandemic? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Africa, endemic"
"How is African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Contact with
bodily fluids of infected individuals"
"DTaP vaccine is the vaccine of choice for what age group? - CORRECT ANSWER=> children"
"Tdap vaccine is the vaccine of choice for what age group? - CORRECT ANSWER=> adults"
"Tdap vaccine protects against what three life threatening diseases? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough)"
"What drug is the antibiotic of choice for Pneumococcal pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
PCN"
"Is a vaccine available for tuberculosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Yes (BCG vaccine)"
"What are the four phases of pertussis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> incubation, catarrhal,
paroxysmal, convalescent"
"What is the most common childhood respiratory disease? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV)"
"What enzyme does Helicobacter pylori have that defends it from stomach acid? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Urease"
"What physiological condition may worsen ulcer symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Stress"
Page | 2
,"How are peptic ulcers transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER=> fecal-oral"
"Treatment of peptic ulcers includes antimicrobial drugs and ___ ___ inhibitors. - CORRECT
ANSWER=> stomach acid"
"How do the toxins of helicobacter pylori contribute to its virulence? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Damages gastric mucosa"
"Is a vaccine available for pneumococcal pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Yes"
"What color is the sputum of individuals infected with pneumococcal pneumonia? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Rust"
"What is the most common cause of diarrhea that sends people to the doctor in the US? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> Bacterial gastroenteritis (Campylobacter diarrhea)"
"Campylobacter jejuni is commonly associated with... - CORRECT ANSWER=> poultry"
"Why is Antimicrobial Associated Diarrhea difficult to treat? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Multiple
antibiotics resistance"
"What occurs in severe cases of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea? - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Pseudomembranous colitis"
"What bacteria is a member of human intestinal microbiota, but can cause life threatening
disease if given the opportunity to germinate? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Clostridium difficile"
"What virulence factors help S. aureus cause food poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER=> 5
enterotoxins (released in food, do not change taste)"
"Bacterial food poisoning usually occurs in ___ hours from when toxin is ingested - CORRECT
ANSWER=> 4"
"What physical characteristic is indicative of the mumps? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Painful
swelling of the salivary glands (Classically the parotid)"
"Is a vaccine for rotavirus available? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Yes"
Page | 3
, "What is the #1 cause of infant deaths resulting from diarrhea in the world? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Rotavirus"
"Which hepatitis have vaccines? - CORRECT ANSWER=> HAV and HBV"
"___ bacteria are the most common cause of bacterial UTI - CORRECT ANSWER=> Enteric
(Relating to the intestines)"
"Bacterial UTI is most common in ___, especially _ to _ year olds - CORRECT ANSWER=>
Females, 3, 4"
"What typically triggers infection of C. difficile and causes Antimicrobial Associated Diarrhea? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> Antimicrobial treatment"
"What happens to individuals inflicted with staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome if left
untreated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Hypovolemic shock"
"What female hygiene items was associated with staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> superabsorbent tampons"
"Most cases of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome occur in ___ ___ ___ - CORRECT
ANSWER=> young menstruating females"
"Patients can develop toxemia from microbes releasing toxins from sites such as ___ or ___ -
CORRECT ANSWER=> Tampons, IUD"
"What sign is indicative of bacterial vaginosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> White vaginal discharge
and fishy odor"
"What types of bacteria can cause bacterial vaginosis? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Anaerobic"
"What characteristics are of epidemiological concern regarding bacterial vaginosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Individuals with multiple sex partners, vaginal douching"
"How is bacterial vaginosis treated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Oral or vaginal metronidazole"
"How is vaginal yeast infection treated? - CORRECT ANSWER=> Azole or fluconazole
(Diflucan)"
Page | 4
