CIPT EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
2025/2026.
Bastion Server - ANS A server that has 1 purpose and only contains software to support that
purpose.
E.g. Printer, email, and database servers are bastion servers.
Using bastion servers reduces the number of applications on a server, which minimizes
vulnerability.
Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) - ANS Checklists or tools to ensure that a personal
information system is evaluated for privacy risks and designed with life cycle principles in mind.
An effective PIA evaluates the sufficiency of privacy practices and policies with respect to legal,
regulatory and industry standards, and maintains consistency between policy and practice.
Should be conducted annually, or additionally upon occurrence of any of the following events:
-Creation of new product/service
-New/updated program for processing data
-Merger/acquisition
-Creation of new data center
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,-Onboarding of new data
-Movement of data to different country
-Changes in regulations governing data use
Security Policy Principles - ANS All security policies should include these EXTERNAL
requirements:
(1) Corporate - data stored from consumers, partners, vendors, and employees needs to be
protected in accordance with contracts or privacy policies; also, need to keep data secure to
protect interests.
(2) Regulatory - privacy requirements placed on organizations by government entities (e.g. FTC,
Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, and the UK Information
Commissioner's Office).
(3) Industry - compliance with different industry groups shows commitment to privacy principles
of that industry, which can avoid creation of new legislation / regulatory scrutiny.
Industry Groups - ANS Industry group examples = Better Business Bureau, Interactive
Advertising Bureau, TRUSTe, and the Entertainment Software Rating Board.
Key Security Measures - ANS (1) Encryption - BEST means of protecting data during
transmission and storage; type of encryption should be based on how the encryption's
performance and complexity may impact company system.
(2) Software protection - antivirus software can detect malicious software; packet filtering can
help ensure inappropriate communications packets do not make it onto company's network.
(3) Access controls - programmatic means for preventing unwanted access to data hosted;
should be continually certified to ensure only appropriate people have access.
(4) Physical protection - all computers should have minimum level of physical security to
prevent outside access (e.g. cameras, guards).
(5) Social engineering prevention - employees should. be trained to detect exploits where
individuals pretend to represent company/person in order to gain access to data. (ChoicePoint
data breach)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, (6) Auditing - auditing system should be configured so logs are sent to remote auditing machine
outside the control of the system and application administrators.
Steps for avoiding privacy-invasive applications - ANS (1) Privileged access - restrictions can
be placed on who installs/configures applications;
(2) Software policy - policy that describes requirements/guidelines for applications used on
company computers.
(3) Policy links - for each application that explains privacy obligation and is accessible via
application.
(4) Application research - companies should perform research to determine which applications
are most appropriate for their employees, computers, and networks.
(5) Employee training - employees should be periodically trained on company's software policy,
as well as on threats to privacy from installation of malicious applications/improper
configuration of legitimate apps; yearly privacy training is best practice.
(5) IT involvement - can have one of two ways: (i) IT controlled - IT dept sets up each computer,
ensuring only specific apps are installed and ensuring apps are periodically updated as needed
or (ii) IT monitored - company computers can be periodically scanned to validate each installed
application is on approved list of apps and has right version/proper configuration set.
(6) Employee Controlled - companies can let employees manage own computer system based
on corporate policy, as opposed to IT dept governance.
Ways to mitigate network risks - ANS (1) Keep computers clear of malware - run latest anti-
malware software;
(2) Apply smartphone policies - phone passwords, auto-device lock/remote wiping mechanism
enforced for smartphones connecting to network resources;
(3) Validate network devices - each device must come from reputable vendor and have proper
configuration/most recent updates;
(4) Write secure code - developers should follow guidelines on how to write software that
avoids the risk of exposing data over network ("Writing Secure Code" and "The Open Web
Application Security Project");
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
2025/2026.
Bastion Server - ANS A server that has 1 purpose and only contains software to support that
purpose.
E.g. Printer, email, and database servers are bastion servers.
Using bastion servers reduces the number of applications on a server, which minimizes
vulnerability.
Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) - ANS Checklists or tools to ensure that a personal
information system is evaluated for privacy risks and designed with life cycle principles in mind.
An effective PIA evaluates the sufficiency of privacy practices and policies with respect to legal,
regulatory and industry standards, and maintains consistency between policy and practice.
Should be conducted annually, or additionally upon occurrence of any of the following events:
-Creation of new product/service
-New/updated program for processing data
-Merger/acquisition
-Creation of new data center
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,-Onboarding of new data
-Movement of data to different country
-Changes in regulations governing data use
Security Policy Principles - ANS All security policies should include these EXTERNAL
requirements:
(1) Corporate - data stored from consumers, partners, vendors, and employees needs to be
protected in accordance with contracts or privacy policies; also, need to keep data secure to
protect interests.
(2) Regulatory - privacy requirements placed on organizations by government entities (e.g. FTC,
Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, and the UK Information
Commissioner's Office).
(3) Industry - compliance with different industry groups shows commitment to privacy principles
of that industry, which can avoid creation of new legislation / regulatory scrutiny.
Industry Groups - ANS Industry group examples = Better Business Bureau, Interactive
Advertising Bureau, TRUSTe, and the Entertainment Software Rating Board.
Key Security Measures - ANS (1) Encryption - BEST means of protecting data during
transmission and storage; type of encryption should be based on how the encryption's
performance and complexity may impact company system.
(2) Software protection - antivirus software can detect malicious software; packet filtering can
help ensure inappropriate communications packets do not make it onto company's network.
(3) Access controls - programmatic means for preventing unwanted access to data hosted;
should be continually certified to ensure only appropriate people have access.
(4) Physical protection - all computers should have minimum level of physical security to
prevent outside access (e.g. cameras, guards).
(5) Social engineering prevention - employees should. be trained to detect exploits where
individuals pretend to represent company/person in order to gain access to data. (ChoicePoint
data breach)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, (6) Auditing - auditing system should be configured so logs are sent to remote auditing machine
outside the control of the system and application administrators.
Steps for avoiding privacy-invasive applications - ANS (1) Privileged access - restrictions can
be placed on who installs/configures applications;
(2) Software policy - policy that describes requirements/guidelines for applications used on
company computers.
(3) Policy links - for each application that explains privacy obligation and is accessible via
application.
(4) Application research - companies should perform research to determine which applications
are most appropriate for their employees, computers, and networks.
(5) Employee training - employees should be periodically trained on company's software policy,
as well as on threats to privacy from installation of malicious applications/improper
configuration of legitimate apps; yearly privacy training is best practice.
(5) IT involvement - can have one of two ways: (i) IT controlled - IT dept sets up each computer,
ensuring only specific apps are installed and ensuring apps are periodically updated as needed
or (ii) IT monitored - company computers can be periodically scanned to validate each installed
application is on approved list of apps and has right version/proper configuration set.
(6) Employee Controlled - companies can let employees manage own computer system based
on corporate policy, as opposed to IT dept governance.
Ways to mitigate network risks - ANS (1) Keep computers clear of malware - run latest anti-
malware software;
(2) Apply smartphone policies - phone passwords, auto-device lock/remote wiping mechanism
enforced for smartphones connecting to network resources;
(3) Validate network devices - each device must come from reputable vendor and have proper
configuration/most recent updates;
(4) Write secure code - developers should follow guidelines on how to write software that
avoids the risk of exposing data over network ("Writing Secure Code" and "The Open Web
Application Security Project");
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
