BMS 504 Exam 4 (latest update 2025-
2026) Practical Review Questions with
Complete Solutions {Grade A}
Why do cavities form? - correct answer - microorganism biofilms utilize
carbohydrates not cleaned off teeth
- these carbs are fermented by bacteria produce acid which causes erosion to our
teeth
How much bacteria found in esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and
anus? - correct answer between 10^13 to 10^14
Why are normal flora of GI tract beneficial? - correct answer - competition (takes up
space)
- nutritional and digestive benefits
- help development of Caecum and Mucous lymphoid tissues (MALT)
- immune system
At what age does human gut microbiome mature? - correct answer - around age 3
- this is why toddlers are always sick
What are factors that influence GI microbiome? - correct answer - diet
- not fully understood why peoples microbiome differ
, BMS 504 Exam 4 (latest update 2025-
2026) Practical Review Questions with
Complete Solutions {Grade A}
How does antibiotics affect normal microbiome? - correct answer - antibiotic spreads
throughout body
- doesn't just target specific site of infection
- also go into and affect stomach / GI
What bacteria resides in vagina, fermenting glycogen producing lactic acid - correct
answer Lactobacillus acidophilus
What's an example of urogenital microbiome transmission? - correct answer when
mothers give birth, the infants skin microbiome often contains similar microbes
found in the mothers urogenital microbiome
What are the 3 indigenous microbiota skin sites? - correct answer - Sebaceous
- moist sites
- dry sites
Where is the sebaceous microbiota site located? - correct answer forehead and back,
Propionibacterium acnes and hair follicles
Where is the moist site microbiota site located? - correct answer navel, groin, foot,
skin fold have Corynebacterium and staphylococcus
, BMS 504 Exam 4 (latest update 2025-
2026) Practical Review Questions with
Complete Solutions {Grade A}
Where is the dry site microbiota site located? - correct answer forearms, hands,
buttocks, most diverse with Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Micrococcus
What happens when bacteria normally located at indigenous microbiota sites move
to another part of the body? - correct answer - can cause infections and disease
- pimples
What are the two types of pathogens? - correct answer - primary
- opportunistic
What are primary pathogens? - correct answer non-normal floraorganism that are
able to infect host andcause disease
What are opportunistic pathogens? - correct answer normal floraorganisms that are
able to causes diseaseif the host is compromised
What are 3 ways the immune system can be compromised? - correct answer -
immune system defective
- break in tissue allows organism access to new site
- loss of other microflora allows organism to bloom.
2026) Practical Review Questions with
Complete Solutions {Grade A}
Why do cavities form? - correct answer - microorganism biofilms utilize
carbohydrates not cleaned off teeth
- these carbs are fermented by bacteria produce acid which causes erosion to our
teeth
How much bacteria found in esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and
anus? - correct answer between 10^13 to 10^14
Why are normal flora of GI tract beneficial? - correct answer - competition (takes up
space)
- nutritional and digestive benefits
- help development of Caecum and Mucous lymphoid tissues (MALT)
- immune system
At what age does human gut microbiome mature? - correct answer - around age 3
- this is why toddlers are always sick
What are factors that influence GI microbiome? - correct answer - diet
- not fully understood why peoples microbiome differ
, BMS 504 Exam 4 (latest update 2025-
2026) Practical Review Questions with
Complete Solutions {Grade A}
How does antibiotics affect normal microbiome? - correct answer - antibiotic spreads
throughout body
- doesn't just target specific site of infection
- also go into and affect stomach / GI
What bacteria resides in vagina, fermenting glycogen producing lactic acid - correct
answer Lactobacillus acidophilus
What's an example of urogenital microbiome transmission? - correct answer when
mothers give birth, the infants skin microbiome often contains similar microbes
found in the mothers urogenital microbiome
What are the 3 indigenous microbiota skin sites? - correct answer - Sebaceous
- moist sites
- dry sites
Where is the sebaceous microbiota site located? - correct answer forehead and back,
Propionibacterium acnes and hair follicles
Where is the moist site microbiota site located? - correct answer navel, groin, foot,
skin fold have Corynebacterium and staphylococcus
, BMS 504 Exam 4 (latest update 2025-
2026) Practical Review Questions with
Complete Solutions {Grade A}
Where is the dry site microbiota site located? - correct answer forearms, hands,
buttocks, most diverse with Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Micrococcus
What happens when bacteria normally located at indigenous microbiota sites move
to another part of the body? - correct answer - can cause infections and disease
- pimples
What are the two types of pathogens? - correct answer - primary
- opportunistic
What are primary pathogens? - correct answer non-normal floraorganism that are
able to infect host andcause disease
What are opportunistic pathogens? - correct answer normal floraorganisms that are
able to causes diseaseif the host is compromised
What are 3 ways the immune system can be compromised? - correct answer -
immune system defective
- break in tissue allows organism access to new site
- loss of other microflora allows organism to bloom.
