SOCI 301 STUDY Exam Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Belmont Report 3 principles - Correct answer-respect, beneficence, justice
nominal - Correct answer-can be categorized, no real order
ordinal - Correct answer-categorized and ranked - hierarchical value
scale - Correct answer-categorized, ordered, and evenly spaced - Variables have
fixed distance between values - but no genuine zero point
ratio - Correct answer-categorized, ordered, and evenly spaced - Variables have
fixed distance between values - with zero point
Informed consent - Correct answer-an ethical principle that research participants be
told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
Causality - Correct answer-the relationship between cause and effect
Causation - Correct answer-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable
controls the changes in another variable.
Correlation - Correct answer-A measure of the relationship between two variables
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, Association - Correct answer-IV and DV vary together
Time Order - Correct answer-Variation in DV occurred after variation in IV
Nonspuriousness - Correct answer-association between IV and DV is NOT due to a
3rd (or extraneous) variable
cross-sectional design - Correct answer-an observational research method that
collects data from a sample of a population at a single point in time to assess the
prevalence of outcomes and exposures
Longitudinal Design - Correct answer-follows the same group of participants over
an extended period, collecting data at multiple points in time to observe changes,
patterns, and potential cause-and-effect relationships
(n / N x 100) - Correct answer-PROBABILITY OF P(success) = # of successes
divided by the total number of events - n always equals sample size, N always
refers to a population size
Indicator - Correct answer-a sign of presence or absence of the concept being
studied
Validity - Correct answer-the extent to which a test measures or predicts accuracy
Face Validity - Correct answer-the quality of an indicator that makes it seem a
reasonable measure of some variable
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Answers Graded A+
Belmont Report 3 principles - Correct answer-respect, beneficence, justice
nominal - Correct answer-can be categorized, no real order
ordinal - Correct answer-categorized and ranked - hierarchical value
scale - Correct answer-categorized, ordered, and evenly spaced - Variables have
fixed distance between values - but no genuine zero point
ratio - Correct answer-categorized, ordered, and evenly spaced - Variables have
fixed distance between values - with zero point
Informed consent - Correct answer-an ethical principle that research participants be
told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate
Causality - Correct answer-the relationship between cause and effect
Causation - Correct answer-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable
controls the changes in another variable.
Correlation - Correct answer-A measure of the relationship between two variables
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Association - Correct answer-IV and DV vary together
Time Order - Correct answer-Variation in DV occurred after variation in IV
Nonspuriousness - Correct answer-association between IV and DV is NOT due to a
3rd (or extraneous) variable
cross-sectional design - Correct answer-an observational research method that
collects data from a sample of a population at a single point in time to assess the
prevalence of outcomes and exposures
Longitudinal Design - Correct answer-follows the same group of participants over
an extended period, collecting data at multiple points in time to observe changes,
patterns, and potential cause-and-effect relationships
(n / N x 100) - Correct answer-PROBABILITY OF P(success) = # of successes
divided by the total number of events - n always equals sample size, N always
refers to a population size
Indicator - Correct answer-a sign of presence or absence of the concept being
studied
Validity - Correct answer-the extent to which a test measures or predicts accuracy
Face Validity - Correct answer-the quality of an indicator that makes it seem a
reasonable measure of some variable
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
