2025 WITH ORGANIZED QUESTIONS
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What are the two Semilunar (SL) valves? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
Pulmonic (Right SL) and Aortic (Left SL)
When the Semilunar valves open, what portion of blood
pressure is seen? Why? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Systolic, because
when the SL valves open, blood is being pumped away from the
heart to the body, aka systole.
what are the 3 layers of the heart? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
Precardium- tough double walled sac that surrounds and
protects the heart.
Myocardium- muscular wall of heart that does the "pumping"
or beat
Endocardium- thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner
surface of heart chambers and valves.
What are the two pumping systems of the heart? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER-Right Atrioventricular (pulmonary) and Left
Atrioventricular (Body)
, What is the direction of blood flow? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
Unoxyenated blood from liver and vena cava into the RA,
through tricuspid into RV. From RV through pulmonary valve
into lungs. Lungs oxygenate blood, pulmonary veins return
fresh blood to LA. From LA through mitral valve to LV. LV into
aorta through aortic valve. Aorta to Body
How does blood flow - THE CORRECT ANSWER-From high to low
pressure gradient
What is diastole? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Ventricles relax and fill
with blood, (2/3 of cardiac cycle)
What is Systole? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Hearts contraction, blood
pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries;
(1/3 of cardiac cycle)
What is s1 heart sound? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-S1 occurs with
closure of AV valves, signaling beginning of systole
What is S2 heart sound? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-S2 occurs with
closure of semilunar valves signaling end of systole.
What is the S3 heart sound? - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Ventricular
gallop that occurs in a short, low frequency sound with a
cadence similar to the word "Kentucky", occurs with heart
failure and volume overload.