FLUID_AND_ELECTROLYTES_NCLEX_
ACTUAL_RESEARCHED_QUESTIONS_A
ND_DETAILED., Exams of Nursing.
Which fluid compartment contains 2/3 of total body water? - ANSWER-Intracellular fluid
(ICF)
Which age group has the highest percentage of body water (75%)? - ANSWER-
Newborns and infants
What hormone is released when serum osmolality increases? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
ADH primarily acts on which organ? - ANSWER-Kidneys (renal tubules)
Which finding is common in hypervolemia? - ANSWER-Crackles in the lung bases
What is the normal serum sodium range? - ANSWER-135-145 mEq/L
What is the major intracellular cation? - ANSWER-Potassium (K⁺)
What condition results from too little potassium? - ANSWER-Hypokalemia
Which finding indicates fluid volume deficit? - ANSWER-Tenting/dry mucous
membranes
Which pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end? - ANSWER-
Hydrostatic pressure
A serum osmolality above 295 indicates what? - ANSWER-Fluid volume deficit
(concentrated blood)
What is the major anion of extracellular fluid? - ANSWER-Chloride (Cl⁻)
Which electrolyte imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmias? - ANSWER-Potassium
imbalance
, Which hormone increases sodium and water reabsorption? - ANSWER-Aldosterone
What is a normal BUN value? - ANSWER-7-20 mg/dL
What happens to hematocrit in fluid volume excess? - ANSWER-Decreases
Which fluid surrounds tissue cells? - ANSWER-Interstitial fluid
What is the normal urine specific gravity? - ANSWER-1.010-1.020
Urine output less than 30 mL/hr indicates what? - ANSWER-Possible deficit or renal
impairment
Which lab increases in kidney filtration failure? - ANSWER-Serum creatinine
Which electrolyte works with calcium for muscle contraction? - ANSWER-Magnesium
What is the normal magnesium range? - ANSWER-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Which electrolyte is inversely related to calcium? - ANSWER-Phosphorus
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule form what? - ANSWER-Renal corpuscle
What is the primary function of the urinary system? - ANSWER-Filtration and waste
removal
What is the normal daily urine output? - ANSWER-1-1.8 L
What is the first step in urine formation? - ANSWER-Glomerular filtration
Which muscle controls the internal urethral sphincter? - ANSWER-Involuntary smooth
muscle
What do ketones in urine indicate? - ANSWER-Fat metabolism (fasting, DKA, low carb
diet)
What is excessive interstitial fluid called? - ANSWER-Edema
Confusion and decreased LOC may indicate which imbalance? - ANSWER-Sodium
imbalance
What is a normal adult GFR? - ANSWER-≥90 mL/min
What protein maintains oncotic pressure? - ANSWER-Albumin
ACTUAL_RESEARCHED_QUESTIONS_A
ND_DETAILED., Exams of Nursing.
Which fluid compartment contains 2/3 of total body water? - ANSWER-Intracellular fluid
(ICF)
Which age group has the highest percentage of body water (75%)? - ANSWER-
Newborns and infants
What hormone is released when serum osmolality increases? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
ADH primarily acts on which organ? - ANSWER-Kidneys (renal tubules)
Which finding is common in hypervolemia? - ANSWER-Crackles in the lung bases
What is the normal serum sodium range? - ANSWER-135-145 mEq/L
What is the major intracellular cation? - ANSWER-Potassium (K⁺)
What condition results from too little potassium? - ANSWER-Hypokalemia
Which finding indicates fluid volume deficit? - ANSWER-Tenting/dry mucous
membranes
Which pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end? - ANSWER-
Hydrostatic pressure
A serum osmolality above 295 indicates what? - ANSWER-Fluid volume deficit
(concentrated blood)
What is the major anion of extracellular fluid? - ANSWER-Chloride (Cl⁻)
Which electrolyte imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmias? - ANSWER-Potassium
imbalance
, Which hormone increases sodium and water reabsorption? - ANSWER-Aldosterone
What is a normal BUN value? - ANSWER-7-20 mg/dL
What happens to hematocrit in fluid volume excess? - ANSWER-Decreases
Which fluid surrounds tissue cells? - ANSWER-Interstitial fluid
What is the normal urine specific gravity? - ANSWER-1.010-1.020
Urine output less than 30 mL/hr indicates what? - ANSWER-Possible deficit or renal
impairment
Which lab increases in kidney filtration failure? - ANSWER-Serum creatinine
Which electrolyte works with calcium for muscle contraction? - ANSWER-Magnesium
What is the normal magnesium range? - ANSWER-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Which electrolyte is inversely related to calcium? - ANSWER-Phosphorus
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule form what? - ANSWER-Renal corpuscle
What is the primary function of the urinary system? - ANSWER-Filtration and waste
removal
What is the normal daily urine output? - ANSWER-1-1.8 L
What is the first step in urine formation? - ANSWER-Glomerular filtration
Which muscle controls the internal urethral sphincter? - ANSWER-Involuntary smooth
muscle
What do ketones in urine indicate? - ANSWER-Fat metabolism (fasting, DKA, low carb
diet)
What is excessive interstitial fluid called? - ANSWER-Edema
Confusion and decreased LOC may indicate which imbalance? - ANSWER-Sodium
imbalance
What is a normal adult GFR? - ANSWER-≥90 mL/min
What protein maintains oncotic pressure? - ANSWER-Albumin
