ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A nurse observes that a patient’s wound-healing is slow and
suspects reduced ATP availability is impairing cellular repair.
Which level of organization is being directly affected by
decreased ATP and best explains impaired tissue repair?
Options
A. Organ system level
B. Tissue level
,C. Organ level
D. Organism level
Correct Answer
B. Tissue level
Rationales
• Correct (B): Tissue repair (e.g., epithelial or connective
tissue healing) depends on many cells’ metabolic activity
and ATP for mitosis and protein synthesis; thus the tissue
level is directly affected.
• Incorrect (A): Organ system level is broader (e.g.,
integumentary + immune) and not the immediate level
where ATP fuels cellular processes for repair.
• Incorrect (C): Organ level refers to whole structures (e.g.,
skin) composed of tissues; the immediate functional failure
from low ATP is at the cellular/tissue scale.
• Incorrect (D): Organism level describes the whole person;
while impaired healing affects the organism, the most
direct explanatory level is tissue.
Teaching Point
Cellular ATP deficiency first impairs cellular and tissue functions
needed for repair.
Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A patient with muscular dystrophy shows progressive weakness
in specific muscle groups. For test construction, which
hierarchical concept best links a mutation in a sarcomere
protein to reduced contractile force in the whole limb?
Options
A. Organ system → tissue → cell → chemical
B. Chemical → cell → tissue → organ → organ system →
organism
C. Tissue → organ → chemical → cell → organism
D. Organism → organ system → organ → tissue → cell
Correct Answer
B. Chemical → cell → tissue → organ → organ system →
organism
Rationales
• Correct (B): This standard hierarchical sequence shows
how molecular (chemical) defects affect cells, then tissues,
organs (muscle), and the entire limb function.
• Incorrect (A): Order is reversed and breaks the correct
bottom-up progression from chemicals to organism.
, • Incorrect (C): Incorrect sequence; chemical level should
precede cell and tissue changes.
• Incorrect (D): Top-down sequence is reversed from
standard levels and does not explain how a molecular
change leads to organism-level dysfunction.
Teaching Point
Structural defects at the chemical level propagate upward to
cause organ and organism dysfunction.
Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A laboratory reports impaired collagen synthesis in a patient.
The nurse reasons that wound tensile strength will be reduced
because collagen is a major component of which tissue level?
Options
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Muscle tissue
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A nurse observes that a patient’s wound-healing is slow and
suspects reduced ATP availability is impairing cellular repair.
Which level of organization is being directly affected by
decreased ATP and best explains impaired tissue repair?
Options
A. Organ system level
B. Tissue level
,C. Organ level
D. Organism level
Correct Answer
B. Tissue level
Rationales
• Correct (B): Tissue repair (e.g., epithelial or connective
tissue healing) depends on many cells’ metabolic activity
and ATP for mitosis and protein synthesis; thus the tissue
level is directly affected.
• Incorrect (A): Organ system level is broader (e.g.,
integumentary + immune) and not the immediate level
where ATP fuels cellular processes for repair.
• Incorrect (C): Organ level refers to whole structures (e.g.,
skin) composed of tissues; the immediate functional failure
from low ATP is at the cellular/tissue scale.
• Incorrect (D): Organism level describes the whole person;
while impaired healing affects the organism, the most
direct explanatory level is tissue.
Teaching Point
Cellular ATP deficiency first impairs cellular and tissue functions
needed for repair.
Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
,2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A patient with muscular dystrophy shows progressive weakness
in specific muscle groups. For test construction, which
hierarchical concept best links a mutation in a sarcomere
protein to reduced contractile force in the whole limb?
Options
A. Organ system → tissue → cell → chemical
B. Chemical → cell → tissue → organ → organ system →
organism
C. Tissue → organ → chemical → cell → organism
D. Organism → organ system → organ → tissue → cell
Correct Answer
B. Chemical → cell → tissue → organ → organ system →
organism
Rationales
• Correct (B): This standard hierarchical sequence shows
how molecular (chemical) defects affect cells, then tissues,
organs (muscle), and the entire limb function.
• Incorrect (A): Order is reversed and breaks the correct
bottom-up progression from chemicals to organism.
, • Incorrect (C): Incorrect sequence; chemical level should
precede cell and tissue changes.
• Incorrect (D): Top-down sequence is reversed from
standard levels and does not explain how a molecular
change leads to organism-level dysfunction.
Teaching Point
Structural defects at the chemical level propagate upward to
cause organ and organism dysfunction.
Citation
Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference
Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Question Stem
A laboratory reports impaired collagen synthesis in a patient.
The nurse reasons that wound tensile strength will be reduced
because collagen is a major component of which tissue level?
Options
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Muscle tissue
