ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has a full-thickness skin burn exposing
subcutaneous tissue. The nurse explains wound-healing
priorities by referencing the body’s levels of organization.
Which statement best applies the concept of levels of
organization to healing?
A. "Repair begins at the organ level because the organ must
reform before its tissues can be restored."
B. "Healing requires reestablishing cells first, since cells combine
to rebuild tissues and organs."
C. "Homeostasis will restore the organism directly without
,intermediate tissue repair."
D. "Systems work independently during repair, so one system's
healing doesn't affect others."
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (correct): Cellular regeneration and proliferation are the
first steps; cells restore tissue architecture, and tissues
integrate to reform organs — reflecting the hierarchical
cell→tissue→organ→system organization described by
Scanlon & Sanders.
• A: Incorrect — organs are constructed from tissues; organ-
level restoration depends on tissue- and cellular-level
repair, not the other way around.
• C: Incorrect — homeostasis guides repair but depends on
cellular and tissue processes to reestablish equilibrium.
• D: Incorrect — systems are interdependent; injury to skin
(integumentary system) affects fluid balance,
thermoregulation, and immunity.
Teaching Point: Cells rebuild tissues; tissues integrate to reform
organs and systems.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
,Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Stem: A postoperative patient is hypothermic (core temp
34.5°C). Based on homeostatic mechanisms, which nursing
action most directly supports the body's negative-feedback
heat-conservation response?
A. Apply warm blankets and a forced-air warming device.
B. Encourage cold fluids to reduce metabolic demand.
C. Place the patient near an open window to increase air flow.
D. Administer antipyretic medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• A (correct): Negative-feedback thermoregulatory
responses aim to conserve and produce heat; external
warming assists effectors (vasoconstriction, shivering) to
restore core temperature.
• B: Incorrect — cold fluids lower core temperature and
oppose heat-conservation efforts.
• C: Incorrect — increased ambient cooling will worsen
hypothermia, counteracting homeostasis.
• D: Incorrect — antipyretics lower fever-driven set points; in
hypothermia they are inappropriate and may impair heat
production.
Teaching Point: Support physiological effectors (heat
production/conservation) to restore thermal set points.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Terminology and General Plan of the Body
Stem: A nurse documents a wound as located on the lateral
aspect of the leg. A new nurse asks whether "lateral"
communicates location clearly. Which explanation best applies
anatomical directional terminology?
A. "Lateral indicates toward the midline of the body."
B. "Lateral indicates away from the midline; it's correct for the
outer side of the leg."
C. "Lateral is interchangeable with anterior in most contexts."
D. "Lateral means toward the head."
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (correct): By definition, lateral denotes away from the
midline — the outer side of the leg — matching Scanlon &
Sanders’ directional terms.
• A: Incorrect — that defines medial, not lateral.
• C: Incorrect — anterior refers to the front; not
interchangeable with lateral.
• D: Incorrect — toward the head is superior (or cranial), not
lateral.
PHYSIOLOGY
8TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)VALERIE C. SCANLON;
TINA SANDERS
TEST BANK
1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Levels of Organization
Stem: A patient has a full-thickness skin burn exposing
subcutaneous tissue. The nurse explains wound-healing
priorities by referencing the body’s levels of organization.
Which statement best applies the concept of levels of
organization to healing?
A. "Repair begins at the organ level because the organ must
reform before its tissues can be restored."
B. "Healing requires reestablishing cells first, since cells combine
to rebuild tissues and organs."
C. "Homeostasis will restore the organism directly without
,intermediate tissue repair."
D. "Systems work independently during repair, so one system's
healing doesn't affect others."
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (correct): Cellular regeneration and proliferation are the
first steps; cells restore tissue architecture, and tissues
integrate to reform organs — reflecting the hierarchical
cell→tissue→organ→system organization described by
Scanlon & Sanders.
• A: Incorrect — organs are constructed from tissues; organ-
level restoration depends on tissue- and cellular-level
repair, not the other way around.
• C: Incorrect — homeostasis guides repair but depends on
cellular and tissue processes to reestablish equilibrium.
• D: Incorrect — systems are interdependent; injury to skin
(integumentary system) affects fluid balance,
thermoregulation, and immunity.
Teaching Point: Cells rebuild tissues; tissues integrate to reform
organs and systems.
Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
,Reference: Ch. 1 — Metabolism and Homeostasis
Stem: A postoperative patient is hypothermic (core temp
34.5°C). Based on homeostatic mechanisms, which nursing
action most directly supports the body's negative-feedback
heat-conservation response?
A. Apply warm blankets and a forced-air warming device.
B. Encourage cold fluids to reduce metabolic demand.
C. Place the patient near an open window to increase air flow.
D. Administer antipyretic medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• A (correct): Negative-feedback thermoregulatory
responses aim to conserve and produce heat; external
warming assists effectors (vasoconstriction, shivering) to
restore core temperature.
• B: Incorrect — cold fluids lower core temperature and
oppose heat-conservation efforts.
• C: Incorrect — increased ambient cooling will worsen
hypothermia, counteracting homeostasis.
• D: Incorrect — antipyretics lower fever-driven set points; in
hypothermia they are inappropriate and may impair heat
production.
Teaching Point: Support physiological effectors (heat
production/conservation) to restore thermal set points.
, Citation: Scanlon, V., & Sanders, T. (2021). Essentials of
Anatomy and Physiology (8th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Terminology and General Plan of the Body
Stem: A nurse documents a wound as located on the lateral
aspect of the leg. A new nurse asks whether "lateral"
communicates location clearly. Which explanation best applies
anatomical directional terminology?
A. "Lateral indicates toward the midline of the body."
B. "Lateral indicates away from the midline; it's correct for the
outer side of the leg."
C. "Lateral is interchangeable with anterior in most contexts."
D. "Lateral means toward the head."
Correct Answer: B
Rationales:
• B (correct): By definition, lateral denotes away from the
midline — the outer side of the leg — matching Scanlon &
Sanders’ directional terms.
• A: Incorrect — that defines medial, not lateral.
• C: Incorrect — anterior refers to the front; not
interchangeable with lateral.
• D: Incorrect — toward the head is superior (or cranial), not
lateral.
