CAMPBELL BIOLOGY: NINTH EDITION - CHAPTER 7: MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
sodium-potassium pump - CORRECT ANSWERS a transport protein in the plasma
membrane of animal cells that actively transports sodium out of the cell an potassium into the
cell
membrane potential - CORRECT ANSWERS the difference in electrical charge (voltage)
across a cell's plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions. Membrane
potential affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged
substances.
electrochemical gradient - CORRECT ANSWERS the diffusion gradient of an ion, which
is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force)
and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force).
electrogenic pump - CORRECT ANSWERS an active transport protein that generates
voltage across a membrane while pumping ions.
proton pump - CORRECT ANSWERS an active transport protein in a cell membrane that
uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient,
generating a membrane potential in the process
cotransport - CORRECT ANSWERS the coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one
substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient
exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS the cellular secretion of biological molecules by the
fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane.
endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS cellular uptake of biological molecules and
particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane.
, CAMPBELL BIOLOGY: NINTH EDITION - CHAPTER 7: MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
ligands - CORRECT ANSWERS molecule that binds specifically to another molecule,
usually a larger one.
phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS a type of endocytosis in which large particulate
substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. It's carried out by some protists and by
certain immune cells of animals.
pinocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS a type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests
extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes
receptor-mediated endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS the movement of specific
molecules into a cell by the inward budding of vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites
specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific
substances
Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins - CORRECT
ANSWERS ...
Concept 7.2: Membrane structure results in selective permeability - CORRECT ANSWERS
...
Concept 7.3: Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy
investment - CORRECT ANSWERS ...
Concept 7.4: Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients - CORRECT
ANSWERS ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
sodium-potassium pump - CORRECT ANSWERS a transport protein in the plasma
membrane of animal cells that actively transports sodium out of the cell an potassium into the
cell
membrane potential - CORRECT ANSWERS the difference in electrical charge (voltage)
across a cell's plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions. Membrane
potential affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged
substances.
electrochemical gradient - CORRECT ANSWERS the diffusion gradient of an ion, which
is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane (a chemical force)
and the ion's tendency to move relative to the membrane potential (an electrical force).
electrogenic pump - CORRECT ANSWERS an active transport protein that generates
voltage across a membrane while pumping ions.
proton pump - CORRECT ANSWERS an active transport protein in a cell membrane that
uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient,
generating a membrane potential in the process
cotransport - CORRECT ANSWERS the coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one
substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient
exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS the cellular secretion of biological molecules by the
fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane.
endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS cellular uptake of biological molecules and
particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane.
, CAMPBELL BIOLOGY: NINTH EDITION - CHAPTER 7: MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS UPDATED 2025/2026 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+
FOR SUCCESS
ligands - CORRECT ANSWERS molecule that binds specifically to another molecule,
usually a larger one.
phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS a type of endocytosis in which large particulate
substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. It's carried out by some protists and by
certain immune cells of animals.
pinocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS a type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests
extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes
receptor-mediated endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS the movement of specific
molecules into a cell by the inward budding of vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites
specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific
substances
Concept 7.1: Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins - CORRECT
ANSWERS ...
Concept 7.2: Membrane structure results in selective permeability - CORRECT ANSWERS
...
Concept 7.3: Passive transport is diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy
investment - CORRECT ANSWERS ...
Concept 7.4: Active transport uses energy to move solutes against their gradients - CORRECT
ANSWERS ...
