UTA PHARM - EXAM 2 MAJOR CONCEPT
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
•Mechanism of action: weak bond to opioid receptors; inhibits the reuptake of
norepinephrine and serotonin
-
•Contraindications: Seizure disorder
•Indications: moderate to moderately severe pain
-
•Side effects:
•Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, constipation and respiratory depression,
seizures
-
•Drug interactions:
•MAOI, SSRI, antipsychotic drugs (all lower the seizure threshold and increase
Adjuvant pain therapies
anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids, anti-dysrhythmics, and local
anesthetics.
-
enhance the effect of opioids by providing additional pain relief
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-gout
immflamuation
= SHEP + loss of function
, UTA PHARM - EXAM 2 MAJOR CONCEPT
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
-
Cyclooxygenase is type of prostaglandin
COX-1 is responsible for protecting the stomach lining and regulating platelet
aggregation
COX-2 is responsible for inflammatory process
-
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs work on cyclooxygenase.
-
Therefore, the most common adverse effect for NSAIDS is GI ulcers and GI bleeding.
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAID'S)
Many beneficial therapeutic effects:
•Analgesic
•Anti-inflammatory
•Anti-pyretic
-
Blackbox warning for all NSAIDS
•Gastrointestinal risk
•Cardiovascular risk-an increased chance of strokes and heart attacks (Except
aspirin, which helps prevent cardiovascular events)
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID: ASPIRIN
Mechanism of action: inhibits COX-1 and COX- 2.
, UTA PHARM - EXAM 2 MAJOR CONCEPT
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
•Indication: Pain; fever; antiplatelet for patients at risk for heart attack and stroke
•Contraindications:
Pregnancy (especially third trimester) children and teenagers with viral symptoms,
should be stopped 7 days prior to surgery
-
•Side effects : GI ulceration, GI bleeding, easy bruising, bleeding, dyspepsia, epigastric
distress, nausea
Aspirin Continued
•Toxicity and management
--Signs and symptoms of salicylate intoxication:
•Toxic Salicylate level: greater than 30 mg/dL
-
-\•Tinnitus and hearing loss most common in adults
prevention of absorption(activated charcoal) and possibly hemodialysis to enhance
elimination of salicylate
-
Hyperventilation and CNS effects (agitation, confusion and lethargy) most common in
children
-
•Interactions:
, UTA PHARM - EXAM 2 MAJOR CONCEPT
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
•Increased bleeding with other NSAID's and anticoagulants
•Increased bleeding with herbal products like garlic, ginseng, ginkgo, and ginger
-
Most likely will discontinue aspirin 3-7 days before surgery to reduce risk of bleeding (
-Do not take on an empty stomach, always take with food to help
-
Patient Teaching
Don't drink alcohol or take other highly protein bound drugs
Don't take with other NSAIDS because it increases the chance of bleeding. Ibuprofen
also may negate cardioprotective effects of aspirin.
-
Assess for history of asthma because this can predispose the patient to a
hypersensitive
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen
•Mechanism of action: Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2
-
•Indication: Pain and fever
-
•Contraindications: Pregnancy (especially third trimester), should be stopped 7 days
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
•Mechanism of action: weak bond to opioid receptors; inhibits the reuptake of
norepinephrine and serotonin
-
•Contraindications: Seizure disorder
•Indications: moderate to moderately severe pain
-
•Side effects:
•Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, constipation and respiratory depression,
seizures
-
•Drug interactions:
•MAOI, SSRI, antipsychotic drugs (all lower the seizure threshold and increase
Adjuvant pain therapies
anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids, anti-dysrhythmics, and local
anesthetics.
-
enhance the effect of opioids by providing additional pain relief
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-gout
immflamuation
= SHEP + loss of function
, UTA PHARM - EXAM 2 MAJOR CONCEPT
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
-
Cyclooxygenase is type of prostaglandin
COX-1 is responsible for protecting the stomach lining and regulating platelet
aggregation
COX-2 is responsible for inflammatory process
-
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs work on cyclooxygenase.
-
Therefore, the most common adverse effect for NSAIDS is GI ulcers and GI bleeding.
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAID'S)
Many beneficial therapeutic effects:
•Analgesic
•Anti-inflammatory
•Anti-pyretic
-
Blackbox warning for all NSAIDS
•Gastrointestinal risk
•Cardiovascular risk-an increased chance of strokes and heart attacks (Except
aspirin, which helps prevent cardiovascular events)
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID: ASPIRIN
Mechanism of action: inhibits COX-1 and COX- 2.
, UTA PHARM - EXAM 2 MAJOR CONCEPT
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
•Indication: Pain; fever; antiplatelet for patients at risk for heart attack and stroke
•Contraindications:
Pregnancy (especially third trimester) children and teenagers with viral symptoms,
should be stopped 7 days prior to surgery
-
•Side effects : GI ulceration, GI bleeding, easy bruising, bleeding, dyspepsia, epigastric
distress, nausea
Aspirin Continued
•Toxicity and management
--Signs and symptoms of salicylate intoxication:
•Toxic Salicylate level: greater than 30 mg/dL
-
-\•Tinnitus and hearing loss most common in adults
prevention of absorption(activated charcoal) and possibly hemodialysis to enhance
elimination of salicylate
-
Hyperventilation and CNS effects (agitation, confusion and lethargy) most common in
children
-
•Interactions:
, UTA PHARM - EXAM 2 MAJOR CONCEPT
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+
•Increased bleeding with other NSAID's and anticoagulants
•Increased bleeding with herbal products like garlic, ginseng, ginkgo, and ginger
-
Most likely will discontinue aspirin 3-7 days before surgery to reduce risk of bleeding (
-Do not take on an empty stomach, always take with food to help
-
Patient Teaching
Don't drink alcohol or take other highly protein bound drugs
Don't take with other NSAIDS because it increases the chance of bleeding. Ibuprofen
also may negate cardioprotective effects of aspirin.
-
Assess for history of asthma because this can predispose the patient to a
hypersensitive
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen
•Mechanism of action: Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2
-
•Indication: Pain and fever
-
•Contraindications: Pregnancy (especially third trimester), should be stopped 7 days
