BI 121 Exam 1 – GRCC (2026) QUESTIONS
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology & The Scientific Method
1. Q: What is the basic unit of life?
A: The cell.
2. Q: What is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively
stable internal environment?
A: Homeostasis.
3. Q: What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A: A hypothesis is a testable, tentative explanation. A theory is a
broad, well-supported explanation for a wide range of
phenomena.
4. Q: In an experiment, what is the group called that is exposed to
the variable being tested?
A: The experimental group.
5. Q: What is the manipulated variable in an experiment called?
A: The independent variable.
6. Q: What is the responding variable that is measured in an
experiment called?
A: The dependent variable.
, 7. Q: What is the group in an experiment that is used for comparison
and is not exposed to the independent variable?
A: The control group.
8. Q: The genetic information within all living cells is stored in which
macromolecule?
A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).
9. Q: What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties
of an element?
A: An atom.
10. Q: What are the three subatomic particles that make up an
atom?
A: Proton, neutron, and electron.
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
11. Q: What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of
electron pairs between atoms?
A: A covalent bond.
12. Q: What type of bond is formed when one atom donates an
electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that
attract?
A: An ionic bond.
13. Q: A weak chemical bond of attraction between a slightly
positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (often O or N)
is called a...
A: Hydrogen bond.
, 14. Q: What property of water allows it to stick to other
substances?
A: Adhesion.
15. Q: What property of water allows it to stick to itself, leading
to surface tension?
A: Cohesion.
16. Q: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H⁺)
concentration of a solution is a(n)...
A: Acid.
17. Q: A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion (H⁺)
concentration of a solution is a(n)...
A: Base.
18. Q: The pH scale is a measure of what?
A: The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
19. Q: A solution with a pH of 7 is considered...
A: Neutral.
20. Q: A solution with a pH of 4 is considered...
A: Acidic.
21. Q: A solution with a pH of 10 is considered...
A: Basic (or Alkaline).
22. Q: What is a substance that minimizes changes in pH by
accepting or donating H⁺ ions?
A: A buffer.
Chapter 3: The Macromolecules of Life
, 23. Q: What are the four main classes of organic
macromolecules?
A: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
24. Q: What type of reaction links monomers together to form
polymers, releasing a water molecule?
A: Dehydration synthesis (or condensation reaction).
25. Q: What type of reaction breaks down polymers into
monomers by adding a water molecule?
A: Hydrolysis.
26. Q: What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
A: To provide short-term energy storage and structural support.
27. Q: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of...
A: Monosaccharides (simple sugars).
28. Q: Sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar) are
examples of...
A: Disaccharides.
29. Q: Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all polymers of glucose
and are examples of...
A: Polysaccharides.
30. Q: Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in
animals?
A: Glycogen.
31. Q: Which polysaccharide is used for structural support in
plant cell walls?
A: Cellulose.
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <UPDATED
VERSION>
Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology & The Scientific Method
1. Q: What is the basic unit of life?
A: The cell.
2. Q: What is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively
stable internal environment?
A: Homeostasis.
3. Q: What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A: A hypothesis is a testable, tentative explanation. A theory is a
broad, well-supported explanation for a wide range of
phenomena.
4. Q: In an experiment, what is the group called that is exposed to
the variable being tested?
A: The experimental group.
5. Q: What is the manipulated variable in an experiment called?
A: The independent variable.
6. Q: What is the responding variable that is measured in an
experiment called?
A: The dependent variable.
, 7. Q: What is the group in an experiment that is used for comparison
and is not exposed to the independent variable?
A: The control group.
8. Q: The genetic information within all living cells is stored in which
macromolecule?
A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).
9. Q: What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties
of an element?
A: An atom.
10. Q: What are the three subatomic particles that make up an
atom?
A: Proton, neutron, and electron.
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
11. Q: What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of
electron pairs between atoms?
A: A covalent bond.
12. Q: What type of bond is formed when one atom donates an
electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that
attract?
A: An ionic bond.
13. Q: A weak chemical bond of attraction between a slightly
positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (often O or N)
is called a...
A: Hydrogen bond.
, 14. Q: What property of water allows it to stick to other
substances?
A: Adhesion.
15. Q: What property of water allows it to stick to itself, leading
to surface tension?
A: Cohesion.
16. Q: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H⁺)
concentration of a solution is a(n)...
A: Acid.
17. Q: A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion (H⁺)
concentration of a solution is a(n)...
A: Base.
18. Q: The pH scale is a measure of what?
A: The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
19. Q: A solution with a pH of 7 is considered...
A: Neutral.
20. Q: A solution with a pH of 4 is considered...
A: Acidic.
21. Q: A solution with a pH of 10 is considered...
A: Basic (or Alkaline).
22. Q: What is a substance that minimizes changes in pH by
accepting or donating H⁺ ions?
A: A buffer.
Chapter 3: The Macromolecules of Life
, 23. Q: What are the four main classes of organic
macromolecules?
A: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
24. Q: What type of reaction links monomers together to form
polymers, releasing a water molecule?
A: Dehydration synthesis (or condensation reaction).
25. Q: What type of reaction breaks down polymers into
monomers by adding a water molecule?
A: Hydrolysis.
26. Q: What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
A: To provide short-term energy storage and structural support.
27. Q: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of...
A: Monosaccharides (simple sugars).
28. Q: Sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar) are
examples of...
A: Disaccharides.
29. Q: Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all polymers of glucose
and are examples of...
A: Polysaccharides.
30. Q: Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in
animals?
A: Glycogen.
31. Q: Which polysaccharide is used for structural support in
plant cell walls?
A: Cellulose.
