NR 566 – Advanced Pharmacology for Care
of the Family (Chamberlain University,
2025/2026) – Final Exam Review with
Verified Questions & Answers (Grade A)
PHARMACOKINETICS & DYNAMICS (1–10)
1. The process by which a drug moves from the site of administration to systemic
circulation is: Absorption
Rationale: Influenced by route, solubility, blood flow, pH. First-pass effect reduces oral
bioavailability.
2. The volume of distribution (Vd) is high for drugs that: Are lipid-soluble and
distribute into tissues
Rationale: Vd = Dose / Plasma conc. >0.6 L/kg = tissue distribution.
3. First-order kinetics means: Constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time
Rationale: Most drugs. Half-life constant. Zero-order = constant amount (ethanol,
phenytoin).
4. The cytochrome P450 system is primarily located in: Liver (hepatocytes)
Rationale: Phase I metabolism (oxidation). CYP3A4 metabolizes >50% of drugs.
, 5. A drug with a narrow therapeutic index requires: Close monitoring of serum levels
Rationale: Examples: digoxin, warfarin, lithium, theophylline.
6. The primary organ of drug excretion is the: Kidney
Rationale: Filtration, secretion, reabsorption. Adjust doses in renal impairment (CrCl
<30).
7. Protein binding affects: Free (active) fraction of drug
Rationale: Only unbound drug crosses membranes. Hypoalbuminemia → ↑ free fraction.
8. Bioavailability of IV drugs is: 100%
Rationale: No absorption barriers. Oral = F <1 due to first-pass.
9. Steady-state concentration is reached after: 4–5 half-lives
Rationale: Loading dose = (Vd × Target conc) / F.
10. The mechanism of action of beta-blockers is: Competitive antagonism at β-
adrenergic receptors
Rationale: ↓ cAMP → ↓ HR, contractility (β1), bronchodilation block (β2).
ANTI-INFECTIVES (11–25)
11. Penicillin allergy cross-reactivity with cephalosporins is: <10% (safe if not
anaphylactic)
Rationale: Avoid 1st-gen ceph in true IgE allergy. 3rd/4th gen low risk.
of the Family (Chamberlain University,
2025/2026) – Final Exam Review with
Verified Questions & Answers (Grade A)
PHARMACOKINETICS & DYNAMICS (1–10)
1. The process by which a drug moves from the site of administration to systemic
circulation is: Absorption
Rationale: Influenced by route, solubility, blood flow, pH. First-pass effect reduces oral
bioavailability.
2. The volume of distribution (Vd) is high for drugs that: Are lipid-soluble and
distribute into tissues
Rationale: Vd = Dose / Plasma conc. >0.6 L/kg = tissue distribution.
3. First-order kinetics means: Constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time
Rationale: Most drugs. Half-life constant. Zero-order = constant amount (ethanol,
phenytoin).
4. The cytochrome P450 system is primarily located in: Liver (hepatocytes)
Rationale: Phase I metabolism (oxidation). CYP3A4 metabolizes >50% of drugs.
, 5. A drug with a narrow therapeutic index requires: Close monitoring of serum levels
Rationale: Examples: digoxin, warfarin, lithium, theophylline.
6. The primary organ of drug excretion is the: Kidney
Rationale: Filtration, secretion, reabsorption. Adjust doses in renal impairment (CrCl
<30).
7. Protein binding affects: Free (active) fraction of drug
Rationale: Only unbound drug crosses membranes. Hypoalbuminemia → ↑ free fraction.
8. Bioavailability of IV drugs is: 100%
Rationale: No absorption barriers. Oral = F <1 due to first-pass.
9. Steady-state concentration is reached after: 4–5 half-lives
Rationale: Loading dose = (Vd × Target conc) / F.
10. The mechanism of action of beta-blockers is: Competitive antagonism at β-
adrenergic receptors
Rationale: ↓ cAMP → ↓ HR, contractility (β1), bronchodilation block (β2).
ANTI-INFECTIVES (11–25)
11. Penicillin allergy cross-reactivity with cephalosporins is: <10% (safe if not
anaphylactic)
Rationale: Avoid 1st-gen ceph in true IgE allergy. 3rd/4th gen low risk.
