PNR 208 COMMUNITY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2025
Community-oriented nursing
Oriented around the community or population. Primarily focused on
health promotion rather than illness care, in a whole group of people
rather than individuals.
Community Based Nursing
Based in the community. Illness care OF individuals IN the community.
Home health care, hospice, schools, occupational health. Illness care
instead of health promotion and health maintenance. Individuals as
opposed to communities and populations.
Public Health
A specialty of community-oriented nursing. Combination of nursing and
public health science, health promotion and maintenance. Focused
mostly on primarily and secondary prevention of acute and chronic illness
with devastating consequences and the prevention of injuries and
illnesses that lead to early death. More policy making and execution than
direct nursing care. Policy making guided by epidemiology and statistics.
Behavior modification
The most effective method of preventing premature illness and death is
through health-related ___________ ___________ (alcohol, tobacco, drug
use, seatbelts, helmets, exercise, wellness visits, etc.)
Behavior Modification
About 70% of what makes us sick/kills us early can be prevented through
health related __________ _____________
Primary Prevention
, Primary is Prevention: Prevention of the problem before it ever occurs;
prevention of illness or injury, like helmet or seat belt campaigns, or
immunizations.
Secondary Prevention
Secondary is Screening. Early identification for early intervention. Early
detection preventing complications, attempt to reverse the course.
Routine screening recommendations (mammogram, yearly blood
pressure screening, pap smears)
Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary is Treatment. Management of disease to reduce the symptoms
and improve quality of life. Medications, low Na+ diet, checking blood
glucose in diabetic, weight loss for someone with HTN or T2DM, etc.
Uninsured and underinsured
these individuals generally receive less preventive care , are Dx'd at more
advanced stages of disease, and receive fewer therapeutic care once Dx'd
than those with high quality health insurance.
Affordable Care Act
This law improved access to healthcare through providing government
subsidies for those who couldn't afford employer based or private
insurance and through mandates that required individuals to carry health
insurance or be penalized. It did not reduce the costs of high tech medical
care. It shifted the focus toward population level interventions. it also
expanded Medicaid eligibility.
Uninsured individuals, access to quality health care based on insured
status, longer life expectancy, baby boomers, affordable care act,
unemployment.
What is impacting health care system in the US?
Vulnerability
susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse
effect; increased risk for adverse health outcomes. Genetic risks leading
to more severe health outcomes from pollution, lead based paint,
excessive noise, etc.
Epidemiological Triangle
AND ANSWERS 2025
Community-oriented nursing
Oriented around the community or population. Primarily focused on
health promotion rather than illness care, in a whole group of people
rather than individuals.
Community Based Nursing
Based in the community. Illness care OF individuals IN the community.
Home health care, hospice, schools, occupational health. Illness care
instead of health promotion and health maintenance. Individuals as
opposed to communities and populations.
Public Health
A specialty of community-oriented nursing. Combination of nursing and
public health science, health promotion and maintenance. Focused
mostly on primarily and secondary prevention of acute and chronic illness
with devastating consequences and the prevention of injuries and
illnesses that lead to early death. More policy making and execution than
direct nursing care. Policy making guided by epidemiology and statistics.
Behavior modification
The most effective method of preventing premature illness and death is
through health-related ___________ ___________ (alcohol, tobacco, drug
use, seatbelts, helmets, exercise, wellness visits, etc.)
Behavior Modification
About 70% of what makes us sick/kills us early can be prevented through
health related __________ _____________
Primary Prevention
, Primary is Prevention: Prevention of the problem before it ever occurs;
prevention of illness or injury, like helmet or seat belt campaigns, or
immunizations.
Secondary Prevention
Secondary is Screening. Early identification for early intervention. Early
detection preventing complications, attempt to reverse the course.
Routine screening recommendations (mammogram, yearly blood
pressure screening, pap smears)
Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary is Treatment. Management of disease to reduce the symptoms
and improve quality of life. Medications, low Na+ diet, checking blood
glucose in diabetic, weight loss for someone with HTN or T2DM, etc.
Uninsured and underinsured
these individuals generally receive less preventive care , are Dx'd at more
advanced stages of disease, and receive fewer therapeutic care once Dx'd
than those with high quality health insurance.
Affordable Care Act
This law improved access to healthcare through providing government
subsidies for those who couldn't afford employer based or private
insurance and through mandates that required individuals to carry health
insurance or be penalized. It did not reduce the costs of high tech medical
care. It shifted the focus toward population level interventions. it also
expanded Medicaid eligibility.
Uninsured individuals, access to quality health care based on insured
status, longer life expectancy, baby boomers, affordable care act,
unemployment.
What is impacting health care system in the US?
Vulnerability
susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse
effect; increased risk for adverse health outcomes. Genetic risks leading
to more severe health outcomes from pollution, lead based paint,
excessive noise, etc.
Epidemiological Triangle
